Index

Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures; those in bold to tables or boxes.

 

abacavir 603

acamprosate

alcohol dependence 421, 421, 426-7

eating disorders 609

acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors 487-95, 488-9

adverse effects 493-4

Alzheimer's disease 487-90

atrial fibrillation 657

combination therapy 495

delirium 628-9

dementia with Lewy bodies 502

dosing 492

drug interactions 205, 494-5, 496

efficacy in dementia 487-90

Huntington's disease 539

mechanism of action 487

mild cognitive impairment (MCI) 493, 502

myasthenia gravis 512, 514

NICE guidance 497

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521

Parkinson's disease 502, 530, 531

renal impairment 586

switching between 491-2

tolerability 492-3

vascular dementia 501-2

see also donepezil; galantamine; rivastigmine

N-acetylcysteine, refractory schizophrenia 154

activated partial thromboplastin time 670

acute intoxication

rapid tranquillisation 612

street drugs, behavioural disturbance 472

acutely disturbed behaviour 611-17

Clopixol Acuphase 616

intoxication with street drugs 472

rapid tranquillisation 611-13

recommended interventions 613-14

acute mania see mania, acute

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

refractory depression 263

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

ADHD see attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

adherence, medication 700-5

assessment 702

factors affecting 701

lithium therapy 193

rates 700-1

schizophrenia 18, 33, 68, 700

strategies for improving 702-4

adolescents see children and adolescents

adverse psychiatric drug effects see psychiatric side-effects

AF111167: 57

affective disorders

caffeine consumption 693

stupor 105, 107

see also bipolar affective disorder; depression; mania

Afro-Caribbeans, clozapine-induced neutropenia 181

ageing see elderly

aggressive behaviour

autism spectrum disorders 392, 393

benzodiazepine-associated 350-2

carbamazepine 204

dementia see dementia, noncognitive symptoms

learning disabilities 622-3

lithium 190

non-psychotropics causing 651

valproate 198

see also acutely disturbed behaviour

agitation

dementia see dementia, noncognitive symptoms

non-psychotropics causing 651

agomelatine 242

adverse effects 332

atrial fibrillation 657

breastfeeding 561

cardiotoxicity 308, 312

diabetes and 321

discontinuation 283, 285

elderly 279, 281, 480

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 593

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 659

renal impairment 581

serum prolactin and 319

sexual adverse effects 325, 326

smoking status and 688

switching to/from 297, 297-301

agranulocytosis

clozapine-induced 166, 168, 170, 181, 182

psychotropics causing 670

see also neutropenia

AIDS see HIV infection/AIDS

akathisia 48, 84-5, 88-9

treatment 85, 88, 89

—an intentional page break (original page number 717)—

d-alanine, refractory schizophrenia 153

alanine transferase 666

albumin, plasma 666

alcohol 416-17

buprenorphine and 443

detoxification 413-17

driving and 707

drug interactions 473-4, 679-83, 680-2

intoxication, rapid tranquillisation 612

metabolism 679, 679

methadone interaction 436

post-mortem blood samples 13, 13

units 411

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 679, 679

drugs inhibiting 680

alcohol dependence/misuse 411-28

assessment 411-12

children and adolescents 424

co-morbid mental health disorders 425-7

concurrent drug use disorders 424-5

driving regulations 710-11

drug interactions 679-80

mild, assisted withdrawal 416, 420

moderate, assisted withdrawal 416, 416, 420

NICE guideline 411, 421, 422

older adults 424

pregnancy 423-4

psychotropic drug choice 682

relapse prevention 420-3

severe, assisted withdrawal 416, 417, 420

treatment see alcohol withdrawal

Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) 412

alcohol withdrawal 412-23

clinical features 412, 412

community setting 413

complications 418-20

fixed dose reduction regimen 415-16, 416, 417

front-loading regimen 415

inpatient/residential settings 413, 416-17

pharmacologically assisted 413-17, 420

pregnancy 423-4

seizure prophylaxis 203-4, 418

somatic complaints, and remedies 420

symptom scales 413, 414, 415s

ymptom-triggered regimen 416-17

aldehyde dehydrogenase 679, 679

drugs inhibiting 680

alfuzosin 509

alkaline phosphatase 666

allopurinol 153

acute mania 213

α2-adrenergic agonists

opioid withdrawal 446

PTSD in young people 380

tic disorders 398

see also clonidine; guanfacine

alpha-blockers, for urinary retention, dementia patients 509, 515

alprazolam

HIV drug interactions 601

panic disorder 334

alprostadil 140, 140

alverine 511

Alzheimer's disease 487-501

anticholinergics for urinary incontinence 507-9

atrial fibrillation and 657

cognitive enhancing drugs 487-95, 488-9

depression and 522

efficacy of drug treatment 487-91

management of non-cognitive symptoms 517-28

NICE guidance 495, 497, 521

other treatments 498-501

quantifying drug effects 491

switching between drugs 491-2

see also acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; anti-dementia drugs; memantine

Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) 487

amantadine

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

Huntington's disease 538

hyperprolactinaemia 134

multiple sclerosis 535-6

refractory depression 262

sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140

tardive dyskinesia 98

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) 369, 379

American Psychiatric Association, acute mania/hypomania 212

amfebutamone see bupropion

amfetamine(s)

depression 272, 273, 274

drug interactions 473-4

misuse 464, 470

refractory depression 263

see also dexamfetamine

AMG 747: 57

amino acids, tardive dyskinesia 98

6-(2-aminopropyl) benzofuran (6-APB) 473-4

amiodarone 513

amisulpride

adverse effects 48

bipolar affective disorder 208

breastfeeding 566

clozapine augmentation 150

clozapine-induced hypersalivation 174

delirium 627

dementia 518, 521

diabetes and 122-3

elderly 481

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 592

Huntington's disease 539

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 45, 46

negative symptoms 41

overdose 660

plasma level monitoring 2-4, 3

prescribing 20

psychotic depression 266

refractory schizophrenia 153, 154, 155

relative efficacy 17

renal impairment 579

sexual adverse effects 139

weight gain risk 90

amitriptyline 238

adverse effects 332

children and adolescents 356-7, 408

clozapine-induced hypersalivation 174

discontinuation symptoms 284

epilepsy 633

gel 291, 293

intramuscular 291, 292

intravenous 291, 292

plasma level monitoring 3

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 547, 549

rectal 292, 294

renal impairment 581

amnesia, alcohol-induced 681

amoxapine, epilepsy 633

amphetamines see amfetamine(s) amylase, serum 666

anaemia, psychotropics causing 672

analgesic agents

dementia 512-13, 515, 517

opioid-dependent patients 437-8, 443

angiotensin II antagonists, lithium interactions 194, 194

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, lithium interactions 194, 194

ANNSERS (Antipsychotic NonNeurological Side-Effects Rating Scale) 17, 20

anorexia nervosa 607-9, 609

Antabuse see disulfiram

—an intentional page break (original page number 718)—

anti-adrenergic medications, PTSD in young people 380, 381

antibiotics, dementia patients 514, 515

anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) 507

anticholinergic drugs

antidepressant discontinuation symptoms 285

bronchodilators 511

extrapyramidal side-effects 85

with long-acting injection antipsych otics 68

prescribing in dementia 507-12, 508, 514, 515

street drug interactions 474

urinary incontinence 507-9, 510, 515

anticholinergic side-effects

antidepressants 280-1, 332-3

antipsychotics 48

renal impairment and 577

anticholinesterases see acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors

anticoagulated patients

atrial fibrillation 656

SSRIs and 276-7, 329

anticonvulsants

alcohol dependence 203-4, 418, 423

autism spectrum disorders 391

biochemical side-effects 667

bipolar affective disorder 197-207

clozapine-induced seizure prophylaxis 11-12

dementia 523

depression/psychosis and 632-5

driving and 707

drug interactions 635

ECT seizure threshold and 270

learning disabilities 622

pregnancy 551-2, 552

surgical patients 638

see also mood stabilisers; specific agents

anti-dementia drugs (cognitive enhancers) 487-507, 488-9

adverse effects 493-4

clinical effectiveness 487-91

clinical practice guidance 502-3, 503

combinations 495

dementia with Lewy bodies 502

dosing 492

drug interactions 494-5, 496-7

Huntington's disease 539

mechanisms of action 487

mild cognitive impairment 493, 502

multiple sclerosis 535

NICE guidance 495, 497

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521

Parkinson's disease 502

quantifying effects 491

renal impairment 578, 586

switching between 491-2

tolerability 492-3

vascular dementia 501-2

see also acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; memantine

antidepressants 233-333, 235-43

adverse effects 307-33

elderly 280-1

relative 234, 332-3

alcohol dependence 425-6, 682

alternative routes of

administration 290-5, 291-2

anxiety spectrum disorders 334-5, 370-1

atrial fibrillation 657

benzodiazepine withdrawal 348

biochemical side-effects 666-9

bipolar affective disorder 226

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 560, 560, 561-5

cardiotoxicity 307-14, 308-9

children and adolescents 355-9, 359, 370-1, 408

costs 235-43

cross-tapering 296

dementia 522-3

depression 233-333

bipolar 217, 218, 219, 363

children and adolescents 355-9, 359

choice of agent 234, 235-43

duration of treatment 244

effectiveness 233

lithium augmentation 190

minimum effective doses 250

next step treatments 244

NICE guidelines 232, 288

onset of action 233

post-stroke 276-8

prescribing principles 231

prophylaxis 287-9

psychotic 266-8

refractory (resistant) 255, 255-65, 265

switching 253

treatment algorithm 252-3

diabetes and 321, 321-3

discontinuation symptoms 234, 283-6, 284, 296

driving and 707

drug interactions 205, 234, 303-6, 304-5

dysthymia 233

eating disorders 608, 609

ECT seizure threshold and 269, 269

elderly 280-1, 480-1

epilepsy and 632, 633

haematological side-effects 670-2

hepatic impairment 591, 591, 593-4

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 539

hyperprolactinaemia and 319, 319-20

hyponatraemic effects 234, 279, 316-18

indications 235-43

intra-gastric (IG) 290

intra-jejunal (IJ) 290

intramuscular 291, 291

intravenous 290-3, 291

multiple sclerosis 534

overdose 659-60

Parkinson's disease 529

pregnancy 546-8, 549, 553

rectal 292, 293-4

renal impairment 577-8, 578, 581-3

schizophrenia negative symptoms 42

sexual dysfunction and 324-7, 325

street drug interactions 473

sublingual 290, 291

suicidality and 244

surgical patients 637, 638-9

swapping/stopping 296-302, 298-301

transdermal 291-2, 293

see also specific agents

antidiuretic hormone, syndrome of inappropriate secretion (SIADH) 130, 131, 316

antiemetics, dementia patients 509-11, 514

antiepileptics see anticonvulsants

antihistamines

anorexia nervosa 608

borderline personality disorder 619

dementia 513, 514

see also promethazine

antihypertensives, dementia patients 513, 514

antimuscarinic drugs

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 88

see also anticholinergic drugs

Antipsychotic Non-Neurological Side-Effects Rating Scale (ANNSERS) 17, 20

antipsychotics 15-187

acute mania/hypomania 208, 211, 211-12, 213

adherence 18, 33, 50, 68

adverse effects 17, 84-146

children and adolescents 367

combination therapy 37

dose-related 29

first- vs second-generation agents 52, 86

monitoring 20

relative 48, 48

switching agents for 144, 144-6

alcohol misusers 682

anorexia nervosa 608

—an intentional page break (original page number 719)—

antipsychotics (cont'd)

atrial fibrillation 657

atypical 15

see also second-generation antipsychotics

biochemical side-effects 666-9

bipolar affective disorder 208-10, 225-6

borderline personality disorder 618-19

breastfeeding 560, 566-8

cardiovascular effects 110-16

catatonia 106-8, 107, 107

children and adolescents 408

bipolar affective disorder 362-3, 364

psychosis 367, 367

choosing 16-17

classification 15-16

combination therapy 20, 37-40, 60, 63-4

delirium 627-8

dementia 518-21

depot see long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics diabetes association 121-3, 124

dose-response effects 28, 61-2

doses 20

equivalent 26, 26-7, 27

loading 60

maintenance treatment 33

maximum licensed (EU) 24-5

minimum effective 22, 22-3

when to increase 61

driving and 707

drug interactions 205

ECT seizure threshold and 270

elderly 481-3

epilepsy and 632, 633-4

first episode psychosis 31, 49

first generation see first-generation antipsychotics

haematological side-effects 670-2

hepatic impairment 591, 591, 592-3

high-dose 28-30

adverse effects 29

efficacy 28

prescribing 29-30

HIV infection 598

Huntington's disease 538, 539

inadequate response 61-5

learning disabilities 622

long-acting injections see long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics

maintenance treatment 32, 32-4

monitoring 20, 45-6, 59-60

monotherapy 20, 37

multiple sclerosis 534-5

negative symptoms 41-4

new and developing 56-7

NICE guidelines 59-60

overdose 660-1

Parkinson's disease 530

plasma level variations 62

pregnancy 543-5, 545, 553

prescribing principles 20-1

prophylaxis 31-6

psychotic depression 266-7

rapid tranquillisation 611-13, 613, 613-14, 616

refractory depression 257

relapse or acute exacerbation 50

relative efficacy 17-18

renal impairment 577-8, 578, 579-80

second generation see second-generation antipsychotics sedative use 20

street drug interactions 473

surgical patients 639

switching 62-4, 144, 144-6

tic disorders 398-9

typical 15

see also first-generation antipsychotics

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

withdrawal 33-4

see also specific agents antiretroviral drugs

adverse psychiatric effects 604, 605

pharmacodynamic

interactions 604, 606

pharmacokinetic interactions 600, 601-4

antisocial personality disorder, ADHD and 386

antispasmodics, dementia patients 511, 514

anxiety 334

nicotine use 685

non-psychotropics causing 651

anxiety spectrum disorders 334-42, 337-8

alcohol dependence with 426-7

atrial fibrillation and 657

benzodiazepines 334, 343

caffeine consumption 693

children and adolescents 369-73, 371, 379-80

driving regulations 708

HIV infection 599

learning disabilities 622

multiple sclerosis 533

NICE guidelines 334, 339

pregabalin 335

pregnancy 552-3

psychological approaches 336, 338

SSRIs/SNRIs 334-5

anxiolytics 343

biochemical side-effects 666

driving and 707

elderly 484-5

HIV infection 599

renal impairment 578, 585-6

see also benzodiazepines; sedatives

6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl) benzofuran) 473-4

aquaretics 130

aripiprazole

acute mania/hypomania 212

adverse effects 48

atrial fibrillation 657

autism spectrum disorders 392

bipolar affective disorder 208, 223, 225

children and adolescents 364, 365

bipolar depression 218, 219

blood lipids and 117, 118

breastfeeding 566

catatonia 106, 107

children and adolescents 408

psychosis 367

rapid tranquillisation 406

clozapine augmentation 149, 150

combination therapy 37

cost 213

delirium 627

dementia 518

diabetes and 122-3, 124

dose

equivalent 27

maximum licensed 24

minimum effective 22

dose-response observations 61

elderly 481

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 592

Huntington's disease 538, 539

hypertension risk 128

learning disabilities 622

long-acting injection (LAI) 68, 74

dosing and frequency 67, 74

elderly 483

maximum licensed dose 24

pharmacokinetics 70

switching to 74

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103

overdose 660

Parkinson's disease 530

plasma level monitoring 3, 4

prolactin plasma levels and 133, 134

psychotic depression 266

rapid tranquillisation 611, 613

children and adolescents 406

refractory depression 257

refractory schizophrenia 153, 154

relative efficacy 17

renal impairment 579

sexual function and 138, 139

switching to 63, 92

tardive dyskinesia and 97

tic disorders 398

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

weight gain risk 90

—an intentional page break (original page number 720)—

Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) 138

armodafinil

depression 272, 273

schizophrenia 42

aromatherapy 695, 697, 698

dementia 518

arrhythmias

antidepressant-induced 308-9, 312-15

antipsychotic-induced 110-11

physiological risk factors 112, 112

risk in anorexia nervosa 607

see also atrial fibrillation; QT prolongation

asenapine

acute mania/hypomania 212

adverse effects 48

bipolar affective disorder 208

breastfeeding 566

cost 213

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 27

glucose homeostasis and 123

hepatic impairment 592

hyperprolactinaemia and 134

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

negative symptoms 41

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103

overdose 660

renal impairment 579

weight gain risk 90

aspartate aminotransferase 666

Asperger's syndrome 390, 709

aspirin

multiple sclerosis 536

valproate interaction 200

assays, drug 1

asthenia, non-psychotropics causing 651

ataxia, alcohol-induced 681

atazanavir 601

atomoxetine

ADHD 385, 386, 388

autism spectrum disorders 392

hepatic impairment 595

Parkinson's disease 529

atrial fibrillation (AF) 656-8, 657

atropine, for hypersalivation 174, 512

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 384-9

adult 385-6

autism spectrum disorders 391-2

bipolar affective disorder and 363

driving and 707, 709

NICE guidance 384

pregnancy 554

prescribing 388

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644-5

attitudes to medication, assessing 701

atypical antipsychotics 15

see also second-generation antipsychotics

autism 390

autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 390-6

co-morbid problem behaviours 391-3

core symptoms 390-1

driving regulations 709

fluoxetine prescribing 394, 395

learning disability with 621, 622

risperidone prescribing 394

 

baclofen

alcohol dependence 423

GBL and GHB withdrawal 467, 467, 468

tic disorders 399

BALANCE study 198, 225

bapineuzumab 501

barbiturates

ECT seizure threshold and 270

pregnancy 552

basophils 670

behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) of dementia see dementia, non-cognitive symptoms

behavioural disorders

acute see acutely disturbed behaviour

driving regulations 710

learning disabilities 621, 622-3

non-psychotropics causing 651

behavioural therapies

autism spectrum disorders 390

dementia 518

drug-induced weight gain 92

tics 397

benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) 181

benperidol, adverse effects 48

benzamides, substituted 15

benzatropine, antipsychotic side-effects 88, 174

benzhexol, clozapine-induced hypersalivation 174

benzodiazepines 343-52

acute mania/hypomania 212

alcohol withdrawal 413-17, 416, 417, 418, 423-4

antagonism see flumazenil

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 88

anxiety disorders 334, 337-8, 343

alcohol dependence with 426

children and adolescents 371, 371

anxiolytic 343

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 571

caffeine interaction 692

catatonia/stupor 106, 107

delirium 628

dementia 522

dependence (misuse) 346-9, 466, 470

alcohol dependence with 424

depression 343-4

detoxification 346-9

disinhibitory reactions 350-2

dosage reduction 347

driving ability and 707

drug interactions 205, 344-5, 474

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 484-5

HIV infection 598, 599

hypnotic 343

methadone interaction 436

misuse see benzodiazepines, dependence

multiple sclerosis 533

overdose 661

post-mortem blood

concentrations 13

pregnancy 423-4, 552-3

rapid tranquillisation 344, 612, 613-14

side-effects 344

smoking status and 688

street drug interactions 474

surgical patients 639

switching to diazepam 347, 347

tardive dyskinesia 98

tolerance test 346

urine screening 346

withdrawal symptoms 346, 346

benztropine see benzatropine

beta-agonists, dementia patients 511

beta-blockers

multiple sclerosis 533

see also propranolol

bethanechol

clozapine-induced constipation 179

sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140

bexarotene, refractory schizophrenia 153

bicarbonate, plasma 666

bilirubin, serum 666

binge eating disorder 607, 609, 609

biochemical side-effects, psychotropic drugs 665, 666-9

BioMelatonin 402, 404

bipolar affective disorder (BAD) 189-230

alcohol dependence with 426

antipsychotics 208-10, 225-6

atrial fibrillation and 657

children and adolescents 358-9, 362-6, 364, 365

elderly 484

HIV infection 599

mood stabilisers 189-207

multiple sclerosis 534-5

physical monitoring 228-9

pregnancy and postpartum 548-50, 551

—an intentional page break (original page number 721)—

bipolar affective disorder (confd)

prophylaxis 225-7

antipsychotics 208, 225-6

carbamazepine 203, 225, 226

lithium 190, 225, 226

NICE recommendations 225-6

valproate 198, 225, 226

rapid-cycling 223, 223-4

see also depression, bipolar; mania

bitopertin 57

bleeding, SSRI-related 279, 328-31, 329

blood drug concentrations

post-mortem, interpretation 13, 13-14

see also plasma drug concentrations

blood pressure {BP)

antidepressants and 308-9

monitoring

bipolar affective disorder 229

schizophrenia 46

starting clozapine 161

see also hypertension; hypotension

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) 335

Bolam test 673, 674

Bolitho test 673, 674

borderline personality disorder (BPD) 618-20

botulinum toxin

clozapine-related hypersalivation 174

tardive dyskinesia 98

tic disorders 399

bowel obstruction, clozapine-associated 178

bradykinesia 84

bradyphrenia 84

breastfeeding 559-60, 560

antidepressants 560, 561-5

antipsychotics 566-8

infant exposure 559

mood stabilisers 569-70

nicotine replacement therapy 458

opioid dependence 450

prescribing principles 559-60

sedatives 571

see also postpartum period

breathalyser 411

brexipiprazole 56

British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) guidelines

acute mania/hypomania 212

anti-dementia drugs 502-3, 503

schizophrenia 42

bromocriptine 134, 140

bronchodilators, dementia patients 511, 514

bulimia nervosa 607, 609, 609

buprenorphine 431, 439-44

analgesia for patients on 437, 443

cautions 443

clinical effectiveness 439

detoxification regimens 445, 446, 446, 448

less than daily dosing 442-3

methadone vs 431, 432

NICE guidance 451

older people 513

overdose 443

pregnancy and breastfeeding 449-50

prescribing 439-43, 440

QT prolongation 439

transfer from methadone to 441, 441-2, 443

transfer from other prescribed opioids to 442

withdrawal 431

buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) 431, 444

bupropion (amfebutamone)

ADHD 385

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

bipolar depression 217

breastfeeding 561

cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313

clozapine-related

hypersalivation 174

cocaine dependence 463

discontinuation symptoms 283

eating disorders 609

epilepsy 633

HIV infection 599

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

overdose 659

pregnancy 548

refractory depression 256, 257

renal impairment 581

sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140, 326

smoking cessation 456, 460, 461

switching to/from 297-301

buspirone

alcohol dependence 426

body dysmorphic disorder 335

children and adolescents 371, 371

multiple sclerosis 533

refractory depression 256, 260

renal impairment 585

sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140

butyrophenones 15

breastfeeding 566

overdose 660

 

cabergoline

hyperprolactinaemia 134

refractory depression 262

caffeine 690-4

consumption in mental illness 692-3

content of drinks 690

interactions 691, 692

intoxication 691, 692

Parkinson's disease and 531

psychotropic effects 691

calcium, plasma 667

calcium antagonists, tardive dyskinesia 98

cancer, psychostimulants for depression 273

cannabinoids

anorexia nervosa 607

tic disorders 399

cannabis 470

drug interactions 473-4

capacity, mental

assessment 714

covert administration of medication and 714-16

learning disabilities 621

to refuse medication 701, 714

carbamazepine 203-7, 206

acute mania/hypomania 203, 211

ADHD 385

adverse effects 204-5

alcohol withdrawal 203-4, 418

bipolar affective disorder 203-7, 225, 226

bipolar depression 203, 218

breastfeeding 569

children and adolescents 408

costs 213

dementia 523

discontinuation 205

drug interactions 205-6, 635

elderly 484

formulations 203

hepatic impairment 594

HIV infection 599, 603, 604

indications 203-4

learning disabilities 622

lithium interaction 195

mechanism of action 203

on-treatment monitoring 205

overdose 661

plasma levels 3, 204

pregnancy 550, 551, 551-2, 552

pre-treatment tests 205

renal impairment 584

smoking status and 688

street drug interactions 474

surgical patients 638

women of child-bearing age 205

cardiac arrhythmias see arrhythmias

cardiac conduction disturbances, antidepressant-induced 308-9, 332-3

cardiac drugs, dementia 513

cardiomyopathy, clozapine-induced 170-2

cardiovascular adverse effects

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 493-4

antidepressants 234, 307-15, 308-9

antipsychotics 110-16

clozapine 161, 163-4, 170-3

—an intentional page break (original page number 722)—

cardiovascular disease

cigarette smokers 684, 685

depression-associated risk 312

nicotine replacement therapy 458

risk factors in schizophrenia 114, 117-18

cariprazine 56

catatonia 105-9

malignant/lethal 106

management 106-8, 107, 107

CATCH 22 syndrome 643-5

CATIE-AD study 519

CATIE study 17, 32, 33, 52, 62, 63

CBT see cognitive behavioural therapy

celecoxib, refractory schizophrenia 153

cerebrolysin 500

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) see stroke

chemotherapy, clozapine and 186-7

Childhood Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) 370

childhood disintegrative disorder 390

children and adolescents 353-408

ADHD 384, 384-9, 388

alcohol dependence 424

anxiety disorders 369-73, 371, 379-80

autism spectrum disorders 390-6

bipolar illness 358-9, 362-6, 364, 365

depression 355-61, 359

drug doses 408

eating disorders 607, 609

lithium plasma levels 190

melatonin for insomnia 402-4, 404

obsessive compulsive disorder 374-8, 376

prescribing principles 353-4

psychosis 367, 367-8

PTSD 372, 379-83, 381

rapid tranquillisation 405-7, 406

smoking cessation 458

tics and Tourette's syndrome 397-401

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644-5

Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) 374, 375

chlordiazepoxide

alcohol-dependent pregnant women 423-4

alcohol withdrawal 413-17, 416, 417

diazepam equivalent dose 347

renal impairment 585

chloride, serum 667

chlorphenamine 513

chlorpromazine 15

adverse effects 48

breastfeeding 567

epilepsy 634

equivalent doses 26, 26, 27

first episode psychosis 31

HIV infection 598

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 45, 46

NICE guidance 60

overdose 661

pregnancy 545

renal impairment 579

sexual adverse effects 139

smoking status and 688

weight gain risk 90

cholesterol, blood 117, 118, 667

cholinesterase inhibitors see acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

chronic kidney disease 577-8

see also renal impairment

cigarette smoking see smoking, cigarette

cimetidine, with clozapine 149

Circadin 402, 404

citalopram 235

adverse effects 332

anxiety disorders 334-5

breastfeeding 561

cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313

children and adolescents

anxiety disorders 371

autism spectrum disorders 391

depression 356

obsessive compulsive disorder 374

PTSD 380, 381

dementia 522-3

elderly 480

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 591

HIV infection 599

intravenous 290, 291

minimum effective dose 250

post-stroke depression 276

refractory depression 255, 255

renal impairment 578, 581

switching from 296

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar) 413, 414

Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale 431, 435

clomethiazole (chlormethiazole), renal impairment 585

clomifene, tic disorders 399

clomipramine 238

adverse effects 332

anxiety disorders 334-5

childhood obsessive compulsive disorder 374, 375, 376

discontinuation 285

elderly 480

epilepsy 633

intravenous 291, 292

pregnancy 546-7

rectal 292, 294

refractory depression 263

renal impairment 581

switching to/from 297-301

clonazepam

acute mania/hypomania 212

akathisia 88

autism spectrum disorders 393

children and adolescents 371

diazepam equivalent dose 347

elderly 484

panic disorder 335

renal impairment 585

tardive dyskinesia 98

clonidine

ADHD 385

akathisia 88

autism spectrum disorders 392, 393

clozapine-related hypersalivation 174

PTSD in young people 380, 381

tic disorders 398

Clopixol see zuclopenthixol

clozapine 147-87

acute mania 213

adverse effects 48, 165-85

common 165-6, 165-7

community-based patients 161, 163-4

serious haematological and cardiovascular 170-3

uncommon or unusual 168, 168-9

see also specific adverse effects

alternatives to 153-5, 153-8

augmentation 37, 38, 42, 60, 92, 149, 150

bipolar affective disorder 208

blood lipids and 118, 119

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 566

caffeine interaction 692

catatonia 106, 107

chemotherapy and 186-7

children and adolescents 367, 408

classification as atypical 15

community-based patients 160-4

adverse effects 161, 163-4

initiation guidelines 160-4, 162-3

monitoring 160, 161, 163

switching from other antipsychotics 161-3

diabetes association 121-2

dosing 147-8

maximum licensed dose 24

re-titration, after break in treatment 159, 159

starting regimen 147, 147-8

target 149

titration in community 161, 162-3

—an intentional page break (original page number 723)—

clozapine (cont'd)

ECT seizure threshold and 270

elderly 481

epilepsy 633

first episode psychosis 31, 49 hepatic impairment 592

HIV infection 598, 601, 602

hypertension association 128-9, 165

learning disabilities 622

lithium combinations 181-5,

183, 190

monitoring physical health 45, 46, 161, 163

NICE guidance 59, 60

optimising treatment 149-52

overdose 660

Parkinson's disease 530

plasma levels 3, 4-5, 148

acting on results 11, 12-13

optimising treatment 149

response threshold 4, 149

pneumonia risk 143, 168

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

pregnancy 544, 545

prescribing 20

relapsed schizophrenia 50

relative efficacy 17, 18

renal impairment 579

sexual adverse effects 139

smoking status and 688

switching to 62, 85, 161-3

tardive dyskinesia and 97

tic disorders 399

treatment-resistant schizophrenia 51

unlicensed use 675

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

vs high-doses of other

antipsychotics 28, 29

for water intoxication 131

weight gain risk 90

clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility (CIGH) 12, 165, 177-80

acute, management 178

clozapine re-challenge after severe 178-9

prevention and simple management 177-8

risk factors 177

cocaine 463-4, 470

co-existing alcohol dependence 424

drug interactions 473-4

post-mortem blood concentrations 13, 14

vaccines 463-4

withdrawal 463

Cockcroft and Gault equation 576

cocoa 500

codeine 512

cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

anxiety disorders 335

children and adolescents

anxiety disorders 369

depression 355, 357, 358

obsessive compulsive disorder 374, 375

PTSD 382

depression in multiple sclerosis 534

refractory schizophrenia 153

cognitive enhancers see anti-dementia drugs

cognitive impairment

delirium 625, 626

HIV infection 599

mild see mild cognitive impairment

multiple sclerosis 535

non-psychotropics causing 651

see also dementia

colitis, clozapine-induced 168

complementary therapies (CTs) 695-9, 696-7

dementia 518

Parkinson's disease 531

compliance see adherence, medication

compliance aids 703-4

compliance therapy, schizophrenia 703

concentration problems, non-psychotropics causing 651

Concerta XL 388

see also methylphenidate

confusion

non-psychotropics causing 652

post-ECT 270

Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) 625

consent, capacity to give 621

constipation, clozapine-induced see clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility

contingency management, drug misuse 447, 452, 463

contraception, bipolar illness 200, 205

conversion disorder stupor 105, 107

covert administration of medicines 479, 714-16

COX-2 inhibitors

lithium and 195

schizophrenia 42

C-reactive protein 667

creatine (phospho)kinase 46, 102, 667

creatinine, plasma 667

creatinine clearance (CrCl) 576

CUtLASS trial 17, 52, 86, 138

cyclizine, dementia patients 509, 513

d-cycloserine

anxiety disorders 372

PTSD prevention 382

refractory depression 262

cyproheptadine

anorexia nervosa 608

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88

sexual dysfunction 138, 140

unlicensed use 675

cyproterone, tic disorders 399

cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes

alcohol interactions 679, 679, 680

anticonvulsant drug interactions 635

antidepressant drug interactions 234, 303, 304-5

caffeine interactions 690, 692

HIV drug interactions 601-4

psychotropic drug interactions 646, 647-9

St John's wort interactions 247

 

darifenacin 507, 509, 510

darunavir 601

delirium 625-31

clozapine-induced 168

drugs used to treat 627-9

HIV infection 598

non-psychotropics causing 651-2

delirium tremens (DTs) 412, 412, 418

demeclocycline 131

dementia 487-528

anticholinergic drug use 507-9, 508, 510

cognitive enhancers see anti-dementia drugs

cognitive side-effects of drugs 507-17, 514-15

covert administration of medication 479, 715

driving regulations 706, 709

HIV-related 599

Huntington's disease 539

NICE guidance 495, 497, 521

non-cognitive symptoms 517-28

analgesics 517

antidepressants 522-3

antipsychotics 518-21

benzodiazepines 522

cognitive enhancers 521

miscellaneous agents 524

mood stabilisers/ anticonvulsants 523

non-drug measures 518

other treatments 498-501

Parkinson's disease 487, 529, 531

vascular 501-2

see also Alzheimer's disease; mild cognitive impairment

dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) 502, 521, 531

dependence syndrome 409-10

depot antipsychotics see long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics

—an intentional page break (original page number 724)—

depression 231-333

alcohol dependence and 425-6

anticonvulsant-associated 632-5

atrial fibrillation and 657

benzodiazepines 343-4

bipolar 216-22

carbamazepine 203, 218

children and adolescents 363, 365

lithium 190, 217, 219

meta-analysis 219

psychostimulants 273

treatment 216-22, 217-18

valproate 198, 217

caffeine consumption 693

carbamazepine 203

children and adolescents 355-61, 359

chronic kidney disease 578

dementia and 522

diabetes and 321-3

driving regulations 708

elderly 279-82, 480-1

antidepressant prophylaxis 288

psychostimulants 274

epilepsy 632

first episode 287

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 539

lithium 190, 288

multiple sclerosis 533, 534

nicotine use 685

non-psychotropics causing 652

Parkinson's disease 529, 529

post-partum 545-8

post-stroke 274, 276-8

pregnancy 545-8, 549

prescribing principles 231

psychostimulants 272-5, 273-4

psychotic 266-8

rating scales 253

recurrent 287, 287-8

refractory (resistant) 255, 255-65, 265

1st choice treatment 256-9, 257

2nd choice treatment 260, 260-1

children and adolescents 358

other treatments 262-3, 262-4

psychostimulants 273

secondary to medical illness 274

sexual dysfunction 324

St John's wort 246-9

treatment 231-82

algorithm 252-3

effectiveness 233

NICE guidelines 232, 288

see also antidepressants

desipramine

multiple sclerosis 534

pregnancy 547

desmopressin 130, 166

desvenlafaxine

cardiotoxicity 309

elderly 480

hepatic impairment 594

hyponatraemia 316

overdose 660

renal impairment 581

switching to/from 299-301

dexamethasone, refractory depression 262

dexamfetamine

ADHD 384-5, 388

cocaine dependence 463

depression 273, 274

misuse 464

Dexedrine see dexamfetamine

dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta) 534

diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, lithium-induced 191

diabetes mellitus

antipsychotic-associated 121-7

depression/antidepressants and 321, 321-3

monitoring 123, 123-4

nicotine replacement therapy 458

schizophrenia association 121

diagnostic overshadowing 621

diamorphine see heroin

diazepam akathisia 88

alcohol interaction 682

alcohol withdrawal 415, 418

delirium 628

elderly 484

emulsion (Diazemuls) 344

GBL and GHB withdrawal 467, 467, 468

HIV drug interactions 601, 602

Huntington's disease 539

paediatric rapid

tranquillisation 406

renal impairment 585

stupor 106

switching to 347, 347

tardive dyskinesia 98

tolerance test 346

didanosine 603

DiGeorge syndrome 643-5

digoxin 247, 513

dihydrocodeine, opioid dependence 444

dimebon, Alzheimer's disease 499

diphenhydramine, akathisia 85, 89

diphenylbutylpiperidines 15

Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms (DESS) scale 283

disinhibition, benzodiazepines and 350-2

disintegrative disorder, childhood 390

disorientation, non-psychotropics causing 652

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) 365

disulfiram (Antabuse)

alcohol dependence 422-3, 423

cocaine dependence 463

diuretics, lithium interactions 194, 194-5

divalproex see valproate

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), schizophrenia 54

docusate 178

dolutegravir 604

domperidone, dementia patients 509-11

donepezil 488-9

adverse effects 493-4

Alzheimer's disease 487-90

delirium 628

drug interactions 494-5, 496

efficacy 489-90

Huntington's disease 539

mechanism of action 487

multiple sclerosis 535

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521

refractory schizophrenia 153

renal impairment 586

schizophrenia 42

switching to/from 491-2

tardive dyskinesia 98

tolerability 492

vascular dementia 501-2

dosulepin (dothiepin) 238

adverse effects 332

depression prophylaxis 288

elderly 279

epilepsy 633

renal impairment 581

dothiepin see dosulepin

doxepin 238

adverse effects 332

nanoemulsion (transdermal) 291, 293

rectal 292, 294

renal impairment 581

dreams, drug-induced 651

Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) 706, 707-12

driving 706-13

DVLA regulations 706, 708-11, 711-12

effects of mental illness 706

effects of psychotropics 706-11, 707

epilepsy and 635

GMC guidance 712

medication-induced sedation 711

dronabinol, anorexia nervosa 607

drooling see hypersalivation

droperidol, rapid tranquillisation 611

Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) 701

—an intentional page break (original page number 725)—

drug misuse/dependence 463-75, 470-1

alcohol dependence with 424-5

benzodiazepines 466

driving regulations 706, 711

GBL and GHB 467-8

NICE guidance 451-3

non-psychotropic medications 653

polysubstance abuse 464

psychotropic drug

interactions 472-5, 473-4

stimulant drugs 463-5

urine testing 469 see also opioid dependence; 'street drugs'

dual diagnosis 409, 469, 621

duloxetine 242

adverse effects 234, 332

anxiety disorders 334

breastfeeding 561

cardiotoxicity 308

eating disorders 609

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 279, 281, 480

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 593

hyponatraemia 316

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 659

Parkinson's disease 529

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 548

renal impairment 581

sexual adverse effects 325, 326

smoking status and 688

switching to/from 299-301

dyslipidaemia

antipsychotic-related 117-20

pseudohyponatraemia 130

screening 45, 118, 119

treatment 118-19, 144

see also lipids, blood

dysthymia, effectiveness of antidepressants 233

dystonia

acute, after rapid tranquillisation 615

antipsychotic-induced 84-5

 

early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum (EOSS) disorder 367

eating disorders 607-10

atypical 609

Ebstein's anomaly 549

ECG see electrocardiography

e-cigarettes 459-60, 684

ecstasy 473-4

ECT see electroconvulsive therapy

efavirenz 603

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

refractory depression 263

schizophrenia 54, 150

ejaculatory disorders 137, 138, 139

elderly 477-86

administering medicines in foodstuffs 479

alcohol dependence 424

anticholinergic drugs 507-12, 508

antipsychotics and pneumonia 143

cognitive side-effects of drugs 50715, 514-15

depression 279-82, 280-1, 480-1

antidepressant prophylaxis 288

post-stroke 276

psychostimulants 274

drug interactions 478-9

hypnotic agents 484-5

hyponatraemia risk 316

pharmacodynamic changes 477

pharmacokinetic changes 478

prescribing principles 477-8

psychotropic drug doses 480-5

reducing drug-related risk 479

renal impairment 577

see also dementia

electrocardiography (ECG)

antidepressant-treated patients 312, 313

antipsychotic-treated patients 46, 59, 110-16

bipolar affective disorder 229

methadone-treated patients 438, 438-9

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

antidepressant prophylaxis after 288

catatonia 106, 107

child and adolescent depression 357

epilepsy 632

Huntington's disease 539

multiple sclerosis 534

Parkinson's disease 529, 530

pregnancy 548

psychotic depression 267

psychotropics and 269-70, 269-71

refractory depression 257

refractory schizophrenia 154

electroencephalography (EEG) 46

electrolyte disturbances

alcohol-related 681

anorexia nervosa 608

Elvanse see lisdexamfetamine

elvitegravir 604

emtricitabine 603

energy drinks 691

enfuvirtide 604

eosinophilia, clozapine-induced 168

eosinophils 670

epilepsy 632-6

antidepressant/antipsychotic use 632, 633-4

depression and psychosis 632

driving 635

learning disability 621-3

pregnancy 551-2, 552

see also anticonvulsants; seizures

EPS see extrapyramidal side-effects

Equasym see methylphenidate

Equasym XL 388

erectile dysfunction 137, 138, 140

erythrocytes 670

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 670

escitalopram 235

adverse effects 332

breastfeeding 562

cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313

children and adolescents 408

autism spectrum disorders 391

depression 356

obsessive compulsive disorder 374

elderly 480

HIV infection 599

hyponatraemia 316

intravenous 290, 291

minimum effective dose 250

placebo response 676

post-stroke depression 276

renal impairment 582

estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 576

eszopiclone, renal impairment 585

ethanol see alcohol

etravirine 603

EUFEST study 41

euphoria

multiple sclerosis 534-5

non-psychotropics causing 653

EVP-6124: 58

extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) 84-5, 84-7

antipsychotic classification and 15-16

first vs second-generation antipsychotics 17, 52

never-medicated schizophrenia 86

switching antipsychotics 144

treatment 85

see also akathisia; dystonia; tardive dyskinesia

famotidine 93, 154

Fatal Toxicity Index (FTI) 312-13

fatigue

depression with 273

HIV-associated 274

multiple sclerosis 535-6

non-psychotropics causing 652

fentanyl patches, older people 512

ferritin, serum 667

fesoterodine 509, 510

fever, clozapine-induced 161, 166

—an intentional page break (original page number 726)—

fibre, dietary 177-8

first episode psychosis 31, 49

first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) 15

adverse effects 17, 86

bipolar affective disorder 208, 225

children and adolescents 367

delirium 627

dementia 518

diabetes risk 121

dyslipidaemia and 117

elderly 481-3

equivalent doses 26, 26

Huntington's disease 538

long-acting injectable 66, 67, 67-8

maximum licensed doses 24

minimum effective doses 22

negative symptoms 41

place in therapy 52-3

pregnancy 543-4, 545

relative efficacy 17

renal impairment 578, 579-80

sexual adverse effects 138, 139

tic disorders 398

fish oils see omega-3

fatty acids fluid restriction, hyponatraemia 131, 317

flumazenil 344

guidelines for use 614

rapid tranquillisation and 615

flunitrazepam, disinhibitory reactions 350

fluoxetine 235

adverse effects 332

antidepressant discontinuation and 285

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

anxiety disorders 334, 335

bipolar depression 216, 217, 219

breastfeeding 562

cardiotoxicity 308, 312

children and adolescents 408

anxiety 370, 371

autism spectrum disorders 391, 394, 395

depression 355-6, 357, 358

obsessive compulsive disorder 374, 375

discontinuation 284

drug interactions 635

eating disorders 608, 609

elderly 480

hepatic impairment 593

minimum effective dose 250

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 547, 549

psychotic depression 266

refractory depression 257

renal impairment 582

sublingual 290, 291

switching to/from 297-301

unlicensed use 675

flupentixol 15

adverse effects 48

breastfeeding 568

depot (flupentixol decanoate) 67, 68

dose reduction 72

elderly 482

equivalent dose 26

maximum licensed dose 24

pharmacokinetics 70

equivalent dose 26

hepatic impairment 592

maximum licensed dose 24

pregnancy 544

renal impairment 579

sexual adverse effects 139

fluphenazine

adverse effects 15, 48

depot (fluphenazine decanoate) 67

elderly 483

equivalent dose 26

maximum licensed dose 24

pharmacokinetics 70

equivalent dose 26

Huntington's disease 538

inadequate response 62

renal impairment 579

smoking status and 688

flurazepam, HIV drug interactions 601, 602

flutamide, Tourette's syndrome 399

fluvoxamine 236

adverse effects 332

breastfeeding 562

cardiotoxicity 308

children and adolescents

anxiety disorders 370, 371

autism spectrum disorders 391

obsessive compulsive disorder 374

with clozapine 149

minimum effective dose 250

renal impairment 582

smoking status and 688

switching to/from 297-301

tardive dyskinesia 98

folic acid supplements 695

Alzheimer's disease 498

anticonvulsant-treated pregnant women 550, 552

schizophrenic negative symptoms 41

valproate-treated women 200

food, covert administration of medicines in 479, 714-16

fosamprenavir 601

full blood count (FBC), monitoring 45, 228

 

gabapentin

acute mania 213

alcohol dependence 423

bipolar depression 218

dementia 523

HIV infection 599

tardive dyskinesia 98

galactorrhoea 133, 138

galantamine 488-9

adverse effects 493-4

Alzheimer's disease 487-9, 490

drug interactions 494-5, 496

efficacy 490

mechanism of action 487

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521

renal impairment 586

schizophrenia 42

tolerability 492

vascular dementia 501-2

γ-butaryl-lactone (GBL) 467, 467-8, 470

γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) 467, 467-8, 470

gamma-glutamyl transferase 667

gastrointestinal bleeding

NSAID-related 512

SSRI-related 234, 279, 328-31, 329

gastrointestinal drugs, dementia patients 509-11, 514

gastrointestinal hypomotility, clozapine-induced see clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), clozapine-induced 166

GBL (γ-butaryl-lactone) 467, 467-8, 470

generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) 337-8

NICE guidance 339

pregabalin 335

SSRIs/SNRIs 334

valproate 198

General Medical Council (GMC), driving guidelines 712

GHB (γ-hydroxybutyrate) 467, 467-8, 470

Ginkgo biloba

dementia 498, 524

drug interactions 695

schizophrenia 42, 150, 154

tardive dyskinesia 85, 98

ginseng

Alzheimer's disease 499

drug interactions 695

multiple sclerosis 536

Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale (GASS) 17, 20

glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 576

—an intentional page break (original page number 727)—

glucose, blood

antidepressant drug effects 321

fasting plasma (FPG) 123, 123-4

monitoring

antipsychotic-treated patients 45, 123, 123-4

bipolar affective disorder 228

psychotropic drug effects 668

random plasma (RPG) 124

see also hyperglycaemia; impaired glucose tolerance

glycine, schizophrenia 41-2, 154

glycopyrrolate, clozapine-related hypersalivation 175

granisetron

dementia patients 511

schizophrenia 42

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 184, 186

granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 182

guanfacine 175

ADHD 385

autism spectrum disorders 392

PTSD in young people 380, 381

tic disorders 398

 

H2 antagonists

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

dementia patients 515

haematological side-effects

clozapine 170-3

psychotropic drugs 665, 670-2

haemoglobin

glycosylated (HbA1c) 124, 668

psychotropics affecting 670

hallucinations

alcohol withdrawal 418

non-psychotropics causing 652, 654

Parkinson's disease 530

haloperidol 15

acute mania/hypomania 212

adverse effects 48

alcohol withdrawal 418

bipolar affective disorder 226

breastfeeding 566

children and adolescents 408

costs 213

delirium 626-30, 627

dementia 519

depot (haloperidol decanoate) 67, 67

dose reduction 72

elderly 483

equivalent dose 26

maximum licensed dose 24

pharmacokinetics 70

vs paliperidone palmitate 52, 77-8

diabetes risk 121

elderly 482

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 26

hepatic impairment 592

HIV infection 598, 602

Huntington's disease 538, 539

learning disabilities 622

overdose 660

pneumonia risk 143

pregnancy 544, 545

rapid tranquillisation 611-12, 613-14

children and adolescents 406

renal impairment 578, 579

schizophrenia

combination therapy 37, 150

dose-response effects 33, 61

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 46

negative symptoms 41

refractory 155

relative efficacy 17

therapeutic index 52

sexual adverse effects 139

smoking status and 689

tic disorders 398

weight gain risk 90

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) 253

heart failure, clozapine-treated patients 170-1

heart rate, effects of antidepressants 308-9

heat stroke, clozapine-induced 168

hepatic failure, clozapine-induced 168

hepatic impairment 590-7

alcohol dependence 417, 682

antidepressants 591, 593-4

antipsychotics 591, 592-3

drug-induced 591-6

methadone dosing 436

mood stabilisers 594

nicotine replacement therapy 458

prescribing principles 590-1

recommended agents 591

stimulants 595

see also liver disease

hepatitis B and C 472

hepatotoxicity, drug-induced 595-6

herbal medicines 695-8, 696

Alzheimer's disease 499-500

drug interactions 695

hyperprolactinaemia 134

see also Ginkgo biloba; St John's wort

heroin (diamorphine) 471

buprenorphine substitution 439-44

dependence see opioid dependence

detoxification 444-5

drug interactions 473-4

injectable maintenance prescribing 444

methadone substitution 433-9

withdrawal 431

high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 117, 668

hirudin, Alzheimer's disease 499

HIV infection/AIDS 598-606

adverse psychiatric effects of antiretrovirals 604, 605

drug misusers 472

neurocognitive disorders 599

pharmacodynamic drug interactions 604, 606

pharmacokinetic drug interactions 600, 601-4

psychostimulants in depression 274

psychotropic prescribing 598-600

homeopathy 696

Huntington's disease 538-9, 538-40

huperzine A, Alzheimer's disease 499-500

9-hydroxyrisperidone see paliperidone

hydroxyzine 343, 513

hyoscine (scopolamine)

clozapine-induced hypersalivation 165, 175

cognitive effects in dementia 511

depression 262, 293

hypercalcaemia, lithium-induced 191

hyperemesis gravidarum 543-4, 553

hyperforin 247

hyperglycaemia

antipsychotic-induced 121-3

pseudohyponatraemia 130

see also diabetes mellitus

hypericins 246

Hypericum perforatum see St John's wort

hyperlipidaemia see dyslipidaemia

hyperparathyroidism, lithium-induced 191

hyperprolactinaemia

antidepressants and 319, 319-20

antipsychotic-induced 48, 52, 133-6

antipsychotics not causing 133, 133

monitoring 46, 133-4

sexual dysfunction and 133, 138

switching antipsychotics 144

treatment 134

hypersalivation

anticholinergics for, dementia patients 512, 514

clozapine-induced 165, 174-5, 174-6

hypersomnia, depression with 273

hypertension

antipsychotics and 128-9

clozapine-induced 165

hypertensive crisis, MAOI-induced 234

hypertriglyceridaemia 117, 118

—an intentional page break (original page number 728)—

hypnotics

benzodiazepine 343

biochemical side-effects 666

disinhibitory reactions 350

driving and 707

elderly 484-5

renal impairment 578, 585-6

hypoglycaemia, alcohol-induced 681

hypomania 211-15

children and adolescents 358-9

driving regulations 709

drug treatment 211, 211-15

non-psychotropics causing 653

see also mania

hyponatraemia

antidepressant-induced 234, 279, 316-18

antipsychotic-induced 130-2, 131

other drugs associated with 317

treatment 317

hypotension

antidepressant-induced 332-3

antipsychotic-induced 48, 128

clozapine-induced 147, 161, 165

rapid tranquillisation 615

switching antipsychotics 144

see also postural hypotension

hypothyroidism, lithium-induced 191

Hy's rule, hepatotoxicity of new drugs 591

 

ibuprofen 270

illicit drugs see 'street drugs'

iloperidone

adverse effects 48

bipolar affective disorder 208

blood lipids and 117

breastfeeding 568

elderly 481

equivalent dose 27

hepatic impairment 592

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 102-3

overdose 661

weight gain risk 90

imipramine 239

adverse effects 332

child and adolescent depression 356-7

discontinuation symptoms 284

hepatic impairment 591

pregnancy 547, 549

psychotic depression 266

rectal 292, 294

renal impairment 582

transdermal (nanoemulsion) 291, 293

impaired glucose tolerance

antipsychotic-associated 121-7, 124

switching antipsychotics 144

impulsiveness, autism spectrum disorders 391-2

inattention, autism spectrum disorders 391-2

indinavir 247, 601

indomethacin 512

infants, breastfed 559

inositol, bipolar depression 218

insomnia

melatonin for childhood 402-4, 404

non-psychotropics causing 653

pregnancy 552-3

see also hypnotics

interferon-β therapy 533

international normalised ratio 671

interstitial nephritis, clozapine-induced 168

intoxication, acute see acute intoxication

ipratropium 175

irritability

autism spectrum disorders 392

non-psychotropics causing 653

isocarboxazid 240, 333

isoniazid 515

ITI-007: 56

 

ketamine

bipolar depression 218

childhood obsessive compulsive disorder 377

depression 293

refractory depression 260

ketanserin, tic disorders 399

ketoconazole, refractory depression 262

Korsakoff's syndrome 419

 

lability, non-psychotropics causing 653

lactate dehydrogenase 668

lactulose 178

lamivudine 604

lamotrigine

acute mania 213

bipolar affective disorder 223, 226

bipolar depression 216, 217, 219, 363

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 569-70

clozapine augmentation 150

dementia 523

depressant effects 634

eating disorders 609

elderly 484

hepatic impairment 594

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 538

learning disabilities 622

overdose 661

plasma level monitoring 3

pregnancy 550, 552

refractory depression 260

renal impairment 584

schizophrenia 42, 154

latrepirdine, Huntington's disease 539

laughter and crying, pathological (PLC), multiple sclerosis 533-4

laxatives

clozapine-induced constipation 178-9

dementia patients 509, 514

learning disabilities (LD) 621-4

assessment of care environments 623

capacity and consent 621

driving regulations 709

medications used 622-3

physical co-morbidity 621-3

psychological interventions 623

sensitivity to side-effects 623

lethargy, non-psychotropics causing 651, 652

leucopenia, psychotropics causing 671

levetiracetam

acute mania 213

bipolar affective disorder 223

Huntington's disease 538

tardive dyskinesia 98

tic disorders 399

levomepromazine, maximum licensed dose 24

levothyroxine see thyroxine

Lewy body dementia 502, 521, 531

libido (sexual desire) 137

reduced 138, 324

licensed medicines, unlicensed use see off-label prescribing

lipids, blood

antipsychotic drug effects 117-18

monitoring 45, 228

see also dyslipidaemia

lipoproteins, plasma 668

lisdexamfetamine

ADHD 385, 388

depression 273

lithium 189-96

acute mania/hypomania 189, 211, 213

adverse effects 191

alcohol dependence 426, 682

augmentation of antidepressants 190

autism spectrum disorders 393

bipolar affective disorder 189-96, 225, 226

bipolar depression 190, 217, 219

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 570

caffeine interaction 692

cannabis interaction 474

children and adolescents 363, 364, 408

—an intentional page break (original page number 729)—

lithium (cont'd)

clozapine combinations 181-5, 183, 190

costs 213

depression 190, 288

discontinuation 193

driving and 707

drug interactions 193-5, 194

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 484

formulations 191

hepatic impairment 594

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 539

for hyponatraemia 131

indications 189-90

learning disabilities 623

mechanism of action 189

multiple sclerosis 534

on-treatment monitoring 192, 193

overdose 661

plasma levels 3, 190-1

pregnancy 549-50, 551

prescribing 192

pre-treatment tests 192, 192

refractory depression 257, 262

renal impairment 191, 584

suicide and 190

surgical patients 640

toxicity 192

women of child-bearing age 192

liver disease

alcohol withdrawal 417

drug-induced 591-6

see also hepatic impairment

liver function tests (LFTs) 590

bipolar affective disorder 228

buprenorphine and 443

drug-induced hepatic toxicity 595-6

liver disease 591

schizophrenia 46

lofepramine 239, 332

adverse effects 332

cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313

elderly 280, 480

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 659

renal impairment 582

lofexidine

clozapine-induced hypersalivation 175

opioid withdrawal 446

long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics (depot antipsychotics) 18, 66-83

bipolar affective disorder 208

differences between 67-8

dose reduction 72-3

doses and frequencies 67

elderly 482-3

epilepsy 634

equivalent doses 26, 27

first episode psychosis 31

intramuscular anticholinergics and 68

maintenance treatment 32

management of patients 72-3

maximum licensed doses 24-5

NICE guidance 60

non-adherent patients 704

pharmacokinetics 70, 70-1

prescribing advice 66

loop diuretics, lithium interaction 194, 194-5

loperamide 509, 514

lopinavir 602

lorazepam

acute mania/hypomania 212

catatonia/stupor 106, 107

children and adolescents 371, 406

delirium 628

diazepam equivalent dose 347

elderly 485

HIV infection 598

rapid tranquillisation 406, 611, 612, 613

renal impairment 585

lormetazepam, diazepam equivalent dose 347

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 117, 668

loxapine

adverse effects 48

diabetes risk 121

epilepsy 634

inhaled 56-7, 611

lubiprostone 179

lurasidone

adverse effects 48

atrial fibrillation 657

bipolar affective disorder 208, 365

bipolar depression 217, 219, 363

blood lipids and 117

breastfeeding 567

children and adolescents 365

elderly 481

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 27

glucose homeostasis and 123

hepatic impairment 592

hyperprolactinaemia and 134

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

overdose 661

renal impairment 579

switching to 92

weight gain risk 90

LY2140023: 42

lymphocytes 670

 

maca root 326

mania

acute 211-15

antipsych otics 208, 211, 211- 12, 213

carbamazepine 203, 211

children and adolescents 363, 364, 365

drug costs 213

drug treatment 211, 211-15, 212-13

lithium 189, 211, 213

valproate 197-8, 211, 213

children and adolescents 358-9, 362, 363

driving regulations 709

HIV infection 599

multiple sclerosis 534-5

non-psychotropics causing 653

prophylaxis 190, 198, 203

MAOIs see monoamine oxidase inhibitors

maraviroc 604

Maxepa see omega-3 fatty acids

MDA (3, 4-methylene dioxyamfetamine) 473-4

MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula 576

mean cell haemoglobin 670

mean cell haemoglobin concentration 670

mean cell volume 670

mebeverine 511

mecamylamine, refractory depression 262

medication

adherence see adherence, medication

assessing attitudes to 702

covert administration in food or drink 479, 714-16

paying patients to take 704

refusal, patient rights 701, 714, 715

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

methadone therapy 438

nicotine replacement therapy 458

paediatric use of risperidone 394

SSRIs in children 374-5

varenicline for smoking cessation 461

Medikinet 388

see also methylphenidate

melatonin

autism spectrum disorders 393

benzodiazepine withdrawal 348

childhood insomnia 402-4, 404

delirium 629

drug-induced weight gain 93

elderly 485

tardive dyskinesia 98

unlicensed use 674, 675

see also agomelatine

—an intentional page break (original page number 730)—

memantine 488-9

acute mania 213

adverse effects 494

Alzheimer's disease 487, 489, 490-1

combination therapy 495

dementia with Lewy bodies 502

drug interactions 497

efficacy 489, 490-1

Huntington's disease 539

mechanism of action 487

multiple sclerosis 535

myasthenia gravis 512

NICE guidance 497

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521

Parkinson's disease 531

renal impairment 586

schizophrenia 42, 150, 154

switching to/from 491-2

tolerability 493

vascular dementia 501-2

mental capacity see capacity, mental

Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 714, 715

Mental Health Act (MHA) 712, 714, 715

mental illness

alcohol use disorders 425-7

caffeine consumption 692-3

driving and 706, 708-11

illicit drug use 469

learning disabilities 621

nicotine use 684-5

placebo effect 676-8

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 643-5

see also specific conditions

metformin 92, 93

methadone 433-9, 471

analgesia for patients on 437-8

buprenorphine vs 431, 432

cautions 436

clinical effectiveness 433

detoxification regimens 445, 446, 448

drug interactions 205, 473-4

HIV drug interactions 602

NICE guidance 451

overdose 436-7, 662

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

pregnancy and breastfeeding 449-50

prescribing 433-6

QT prolongation/ECG monitoring 438, 438-9

stabilisation in community 436

surgical patients 640

transfer to buprenorphine from 441, 441-2, 443

methylcellulose 93

methyldopa, velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

methylphenidate

ADHD 384, 384, 386, 388

autism spectrum disorders 391-2

depression 272, 273-4

driving and 707

hepatic impairment 595

pregnancy 554

psychotic depression 267

refractory depression 263

unlicensed use 675

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 645

metoclopramide

adverse effects 89, 97

alcohol withdrawal 420

dementia patients 509

tic disorders 399

metyrosine, velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

MHRA see Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

mianserin 242

adverse effects 332

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88

breastfeeding 562

overdose 660

post-stroke depression 276

refractory depression 257

refractory schizophrenia 154

schizophrenia 42

midazolam

akathisia 89

HIV drug interactions 601, 602, 603

rapid tranquillisation 611, 612, 613

children and adolescents 406

mifepristone 218, 267

mild cognitive impairment (MCI) 502

anti-dementia drugs 493, 502

vitamin supplements 498

mineral supplements, anorexia nervosa 607

Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) 487

minocycline

psychotic depression 267

schizophrenia 42, 153, 154

mirtazapine 242

adverse effects 332

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88

breastfeeding 563

cardiotoxicity 307, 308, 312-13

children and adolescents

anxiety disorders 371, 371

depression 357

diabetes and 321

discontinuation symptoms 283

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 279, 281, 480

epilepsy 632, 633

hepatic impairment 593

HIV infection 599

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

hyponatraemia 316

intravenous 291, 292

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 660

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 548

refractory depression 256, 257

renal impairment 582

schizophrenia 42, 154

sexual adverse effects 325

smoking status and 689

switching to/from 296, 297-301

moclobemide 241

adverse effects 333

breastfeeding 563

cardiotoxicity 309, 312, 313

clozapine-related hypersalivation 175

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 593

minimum effective dose 250

multiple sclerosis 534

overdose 660

pregnancy 548

renal impairment 582

switching to/from 297-301

modafinil

ADHD 385

bipolar depression 218

cocaine dependence 463

depression 272, 273, 274

multiple sclerosis 535-6

overdose 662

refractory depression 262

schizophrenia 42

surgical patients 640

Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula 576

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 240-1

adverse effects 234, 333

alcohol interactions 682

breastfeeding 562

caffeine interaction 692

cardiotoxicity 308

depression 234, 240-1

diabetes and 321

discontinuation symptoms 284, 284-5

drug interactions 305

ECT seizure threshold and 269

hepatic impairment 593

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 539

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

hyponatraemia 316

overdose 659

pregnancy 548

refractory depression 262

sexual adverse effects 325

surgical patients 637, 638

switching to/from 297-301

—an intentional page break (original page number 731)—

monocytes 670

Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 253

mood changes, non-psychotropics causing 653

mood disorders see affective disorders

mood stabilisers

acute mania/hypomania 211, 211-12

alcohol misusers 682

atrial fibrillation 657

autism spectrum disorders 393

biochemical side-effects 667

bipolar illness 189-207

antipsychotic combinations 208

children and adolescents 362-3, 364, 408

prophylaxis 225-6

rapid-cycling 223

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 560, 569-70

dementia 523

drug costs 213

elderly 484

hepatic impairment 591, 594

HIV infection 599

multiple sclerosis 534-5

overdose 661

pregnancy 549-50, 551, 553

PTSD 381

renal impairment 578, 584

see also anticonvulsants; carbamazepine; lithium; valproate

morphine

older people 512-13

PTSD prevention 382

slow release oral (SROM), opioid dependence 444

movement disorders, nicotine use 685

multiple sclerosis (MS) 533-7

multivitamins see vitamin supplements ;

music therapy 518

myasthenia gravis, dementia patients 512, 514

myocardial infarction (MI) ;

antidepressant prescribing after 307, 308-9, 312

protective effects of SSRIs 329

myocarditis, clozapine-induced 161, 163-4, 170-2, 171

 

nabilone, Huntington's disease 538

N-acetylcysteine, refractory schizophrenia 154

nalmefene 422

naloxone

buprenorphine overdose 443

methadone overdose 436-7

opioid overdose 450, 451

take-home 450

naloxone/buprenorphine (Suboxone) 431, 444

naltrexone

alcohol dependence 421-2, 422, 426-7

amfetamine misuse 464

analgesia for patients on 437

anorexia nervosa 608

learning disabilities 623

NICE guidance 452

opioid dependence 447-9, 448

tardive dyskinesia 98

unlicensed use 675

naproxen 512

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

ADHD 384

adherence to medication 701, 702, 704

alcohol dependence/harmful drinking 411, 421, 422

anxiety spectrum disorders 334, 339

benzodiazepines 343, 344

bipolar affective disorder 190, 198, 203

acute mania/hypomania 212

prophylaxis 225-6

rapid-cycling illness 223

bipolar depression 216

borderline personality disorder 618, 619

carbamazepine 203, 205

child and adolescent anxiety disorders 369

child and adolescent depression 355

dementia 495, 497, 521

depression 232, 288

lipid-lowering guidance 118-19

lithium 190, 193

obsessive compulsive disorder 339, 375, 377

opioid dependence 431, 445, 447, 451-3

psychotic depression 266

PTSD in young people 379

schizophrenia 16-17, 59-60

smoking cessation 456-7

substance misuse 451-3

valproate 198, 199, 200

nausea/vomiting

antidepressant-induced 332-3

clozapine-induced 166

nemifitide, refractory depression 262

neonates

antidepressant withdrawal effects 547, 549

antipsychotic discontinuation symptoms 544-5, 545

drug exposure in breastfed 559

opioid withdrawal syndrome 449

see also breastfeeding

neostigmine 178, 512

nervousness, non-psychotropics causing 653

'neuroleptic equivalents' 26

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) 46, 102, 102-4

vs catatonic stupor 106, 108

neuroleptics see antipsychotics

neutropenia

benign ethnic 181

chemotherapy-associated 186

clozapine-induced 166, 168, 181-5

psychotropics causing 671

see also agranulocytosis

neutrophils 670-1

nevirapine 603

NICE see National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

nicotine 456-62

drug interactions 462, 685-6, 688-9, 688-9

psychotropic effects 684

withdrawal symptoms 686

nicotine dependence 684-9

alcohol dependence with 425

NICE guidance 456-7

tic disorders 399

see also smoking, cigarette; smoking cessation

nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) 457-60

drug interactions 458

e-cigarettes 459-60

NICE guidance 456-7

preparations and dose 458-9

nicotinic alpha-7 receptor partial agonists 58

nimodipine, bipolar affective disorder 223

nitrazepam

diazepam equivalent dose 347

renal impairment 585

nizatidine 93

NMS see neuroleptic malignant syndrome

nocebo effect 676

nocturnal enuresis, clozapine-induced 166

non-adherence see adherence

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603

non-psychotropics , psychiatric side-effects 650-5, 651-4

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

dementia 512

lithium interactions 194, 195

SSRI combination 328

norclozapine 5, 149

nortriptyline 239

adverse effects 332

cardiotoxicity 312, 313

—an intentional page break (original page number 732)—

children and adolescents 356-7

ECT and 270

plasma level monitoring 3

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 547

refractory depression 262

renal impairment 582

transdermal patches 291, 293

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603-4

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603-4

 

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 335, 337-8

children and adolescents 374-8, 376

NICE guidance 339, 375, 377

non-psychotropics causing 653

ocular pigmentation, clozapine-induced 168

oculogyric spasm (crisis) 84, 615

oestrogens

anorexia nervosa 608

carbamazepine interaction 205

refractory depression 262

off-label prescribing 673-5

examples of acceptable 674, 675

paediatric practice 353, 375

Royal College consensus statement 673-4, 674

olanzapine

acute mania/hypomania 212

adverse effects 48

anorexia nervosa 607, 608

bipolar affective disorder 198, 208, 223, 225, 226

blood lipids and 117-18, 119

breastfeeding 567

catatonia 106

children and adolescents 408

bipolar affective disorder 364, 365

psychosis 367

rapid tranquillisation 406

costs 213

delirium 627

dementia 518-19, 520, 521

depression

bipolar 216, 217, 219

psychotic 266

refractory 257

diabetes association 122

elderly 482

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 27

first episode psychosis 31

hepatic impairment 592

HIV infection 598

Huntington's disease 538

learning disabilities 622

long-acting injection (LAI) (mainly pamoate) 68, 75-6

dosing schedules 67, 75

pharmacokinetics 70

post-injection syndrome 75-6

switching to 75

monitoring physical health 45

multiple sclerosis 535

overdose 661

Parkinson's disease 530

plasma levels 3, 5-6, 62

pneumonia risk 143

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

pregnancy 544, 545

prolactin plasma levels and 133

rapid tranquillisation 611, 612, 613

renal impairment 578, 579

schizophrenia

clozapine augmentation 150

dose-response effects 28, 61

high-dose 28, 61

maintenance treatment 32, 33

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

negative symptoms 41

place in therapy 51, 52

prescribing 20

refractory 153, 154

relative efficacy 17, 18

switching to 63, 88

sexual adverse effects 139

smoking status and 689

street drug intoxication 472

tardive dyskinesia and 97

tic disorders 399

for water intoxication 131

weight gain risk 90

Omacor see omega-3 fatty acids

omega-3 fatty acids (fish oils)

Alzheimer's disease 499

bipolar depression 218

child and adolescent depression 357

clozapine augmentation 150

depression in pregnancy 548

elderly with depression 279

refractory depression 263

schizophrenia 54-5, 155

tardive dyskinesia 98

OMS643762: 57

ondansetron

refractory schizophrenia 153

schizophrenia 42, 155

tardive dyskinesia 98

tic disorders 399

opioid(s)

overdose 450, 451

use in older people 512-13

withdrawal 431

withdrawal scales 431, 435

opioid dependence 429-55

alcohol dependence with 425

alternative oral opioids 444

buprenorphine substitution 439-44

buprenorphine vs methadone 431, 432

cocaine dependence with 464

detoxification and reduction regimens 444-6, 446, 452

driving regulations 711

evaluation 430, 430-1

injectable maintenance opioids 444

methadone substitution 433-9

NICE guidelines 431, 445, 447, 451-3

pain management 437-8, 443

pregnancy and 432, 449-50

relapse prevention 447-9

substitute prescribing 429-30, 431-44

treatment aims 429

oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 123, 123-4

Org 25935: 57

orgasm 137

disorders 139, 324

orlistat 93, 179

orthostatic hypotension see postural hypotension

osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa 608

over activity, autism spectrum disorders 391-2

overdose, psychotropic drug 659-62, 659-64

oxazepam

alcohol withdrawal 417

diazepam equivalent dose 347

renal impairment 585

oxcarbazepine

acute mania 213

child and adolescent bipolar illness 364

dementia 523

oxybutynin

clozapine-induced hypersalivation 175

cognitive effects in dementia 507, 509, 510

oxycodone, older people 513

oxytocin, autism spectrum disorders 391

 

Pabrinex 419

packed cell volume 671

Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) 399

paediatric patients see children and adolescents

pain management

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 517

opioid-dependent patients 437-8, 443

—an intentional page break (original page number 733)—

paliperidone

adverse effects 48

breastfeeding 567

hepatic impairment 592

maximum licensed dose 24

monitoring physical health 46

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103

overdose 661

palmitate long-acting injection (LAI) 68, 77-9

dose equivalents 27, 77

dosing schedule 67, 77

elderly 483

maximum licensed dose 25

pharmacokinetics 70

switching to 78

vs haloperidol decanoate 52, 77-8

plasma level monitoring 3, 7

renal impairment 580

weight gain risk 90

pancreatitis, clozapine-induced 168

PANDAS 399

panic disorder 334-5, 337-8

NICE guidance 334, 339

non-psychotropics causing 653

paracetamol, dementia patients 512, 517

parkinsonism

antipsychotic-induced 48, 84-5

never-medicated schizophrenia 86

see also extrapyramidal side-effects

Parkinson's disease 529-32

anti-dementia drugs 502

dementia 487, 529, 531

depression 529, 529

nicotine use 685

psychosis 530, 530-1

parotid gland swelling, clozapine-induced 168

paroxetine 236

adverse effects 234, 332

alcohol dependence 426

anxiety disorders 335

breastfeeding 563

cardiotoxicity 309

children and adolescents

anxiety 370, 371

depression 356

obsessive compulsive disorder 374

discontinuation symptoms 284, 284

drug interactions 635

hepatic impairment 591

minimum effective dose 250

multiple sclerosis 534

pregnancy 547, 549

renal impairment 583

pathological aggression, autism spectrum disorders 393

pathological laughter and crying (PLC), multiple sclerosis 533-4

payments, for medication adherence 704

Peony Glycyrrhiza Decoction 134

peppermint oil 511

pergolide, tic disorders 399

pericardial effusions, clozapine-induced 168

pericyazine, maximum licensed dose 24

perphenazine

adverse effects 48

equivalent dose 26

hypertension risk 128

maximum licensed dose 24

personality change, non-psychotropics causing 653

personality disorders

ADHD 386

borderline 618-20

driving regulations 710

pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) 390

pervasive developmental disorders-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) 390

pethidine 512

PF-02545920: 57

P-glycoprotein 646

phenelzine 240

adverse effects 333

overdose 659

refractory depression 262

renal impairment 583

switching to/from 297-301

phenobarbital, HIV drug interactions 604

phenothiazines 15

blood lipids and 117

breastfeeding 567

diabetes risk 121

hepatic impairment 592

HIV drug interactions 602

overdose 661

pregnancy 543-4

sexual adverse effects 139

phenytoin

acute mania 213

HIV drug interactions 604

plasma level monitoring 3

phosphate, plasma 668

phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors 57

PHQ-9: 253

physostigmine 178

phytotherapy see herbal medicines

pimavanserin 531

pimozide 15

adverse effects 48

clozapine augmentation 150

equivalent dose 26

HIV drug interactions 601, 602, 603

maximum licensed dose 24

monitoring physical health 46

renal impairment 580

tic disorders 398

pindolol, refractory depression 262

pioglitazone 124

pipotiazine (depot) 15, 67, 67

adverse effects 48

elderly 483

equivalent dose 26

maximum licensed dose 25

pharmacokinetics 70

renal impairment 580

pirenzepine 175, 512

unlicensed use 674

placebo effect 676-8

plasma drug concentrations

meaningfulness 2

post-mortem, interpretation 13, 13-14

steady state 1

plasma level monitoring 1-14

criteria 1-2

interpreting results 2-7, 3

reasons for 2

sampling time 1-2

platelet counts 671

pneumonia 143, 168

polyethylene glycol 178

polysubstance abuse 464

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) see omega-3 fatty acids

post-mortem blood concentrations, interpreting 13, 13-14

post-mortem redistribution (PMR) 13

post-partum period bipolar illness 548-50

depression 545-8

epilepsy 551-2

psychosis 543-5

see also breastfeeding

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 334, 335, 337-8

alcohol dependence with 426

children and adolescents 372, 379-83, 381

postural hypotension

antidepressant-induced 280-1, 308-9

antipsychotic-induced 128

clozapine-induced 161

switching antipsychotics 144

see also hypotension

potassium, plasma 668

pramipexole

bipolar depression 218

Parkinson's disease 529

refractory depression 263

schizophrenia 42

prazosin

PTSD in young people 380, 381

urinary retention, dementia patients 509

—an intentional page break (original page number 734)—

pregabalin

akathisia 89

alcohol dependence 423

anxiety disorders 335

benzodiazepine withdrawal 348

elderly 485

multiple sclerosis 533

pregnancy 541-58, 553

ADHD 554

alcohol use/withdrawal 423-4

anticonvulsants 551-2, 552

antidepressants 546-8, 549, 553

antipsychotics 543-5, 545, 553

anxiety disorders and insomnia 552-3

benzodiazepine misuse 466

bipolar illness 548-50, 551

depression 545-8, 549

discussions with women 541-3

epilepsy 551-2, 552

mood stabilisers 549-50, 551, 553

opioid dependence 432, 449-50

prescribing principles 542

psychosis 543-5, 545

rapid tranquillisation 553-4

sedatives 552-3, 553

smoking cessation 458

unplanned, bipolar illness 200, 205

see also breastfeeding; women of child-bearing age

pregnenolone, schizophrenia 42

priapism 138, 139

pridopidine, Huntington's disease 538

prochlorperazine, alcohol withdrawal 420

procyclidine 68, 615

Product Licence (PL), prescribing drugs outside 673-5

prolactin, serum

antipsychotics not affecting 133, 133

elevated see hyperprolactinaemia

interpretation 134

monitoring 46, 133-4, 229

psychotropics affecting 668

promazine 48, 571

promethazine

borderline personality disorder 619

dementia patients 513

pregnancy 544, 553

rapid tranquillisation 406, 611-12, 613

renal impairment 585

street drug intoxication 472

propantheline 175

propentifylline 155

propranolol

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88

lithium-induced tremor 191

PTSD in young people 380, 381, 382

tardive dyskinesia 98

protease inhibitors, antiretroviral 601-3

protein, serum 669

prothrombin time 671

proton pump inhibitors, dementia patients 515

pseudobulbar effect (PBA), multiple sclerosis 533-4

pseudo-parkinsonism see parkinsonism

psychiatric disorders see mental illness

psychiatric side-effects

anticonvulsants 632-4

antiretroviral drugs 604, 605

non-psychotropic drugs 650-5, 651-4

psychological therapies

anxiety spectrum disorders 336, 338

child and adolescent depression 355

drug misuse 447, 452

eating disorders 607, 609

learning disabilities 623

PTSD in young people 382

psychosis

anticonvulsant-associated 632-5

benzodiazepines 344

children and adolescents 367, 367-8

driving regulations 708

epilepsy 632

first episode 31, 49

HIV infection 598

Huntington's disease 539

multiple sclerosis 535

non-psychotropics causing 653-4

Parkinson's disease 530, 530-1

post-partum 543-5

pregnant women 543-5

sexual dysfunction 137-8

substance misuse with 453

super-sensitivity 34

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 643-4

see also schizophrenia

psychostimulant drugs see stimulant drugs

psychotropics

atrial fibrillation 656-8, 657

biochemical side-effects 665, 666-9

breastfeeding 559-60, 560

child and adolescent doses 408

cytochrome function and 646, 647-9

driving and 706-11, 707

ECT seizure threshold and 269-70, 269-71

haematological side-effects 665, 670-2

HIV drug interactions 601-4, 606

HIV infection 598-600

overdose 659-62, 659-64

plasma level monitoring 1-10

pregnant women 541-54, 542, 553

smoking and 688-9, 688-9

special patient groups 477-655

street drug interactions 472-5, 473-4

surgery and 637-42, 638-40

PTSD see post-traumatic stress disorder

publication bias 677

pulmonary embolism, clozapine-related 170

pulse monitoring

rapid tranquillisation 614, 615

starting clozapine 161

pyridostigmine 512

pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 89, 98

 

QT interval 110

QT prolongation 110-16

antidepressant-induced 308-9, 312

antipsychotic-induced 110-16, 111

ECG monitoring 113, 114

management 114

metabolic inhibition 113

methadone and 438, 438-9

non-psychotropics inducing 113

other risk factors 112, 112

physiological risk factors 112, 112

quantifying risk 111-12

rapid tranquillisation 612, 613

renal impairment and 577

switching antipsychotics 144

quercetin, tardive dyskinesia 98

quetiapine

acute mania/hypomania 212

adverse effects 48

anorexia nervosa 607, 608

bipolar affective disorder 208, 223, 225, 226

blood lipids and 117

breastfeeding 568

children and adolescents 408

bipolar affective disorder 363, 364, 365

PTSD 380, 381

classification as atypical 15

clozapine-related

hypersalivation 175

costs 213

delirium 628

dementia 518, 519, 521

depression

bipolar 216, 217, 219, 363

psychotic 266

refractory 257

diabetes association 122

elderly 482

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 27

hepatic impairment 592

HIV infection 598, 601, 602, 603

Huntington's disease 538, 539

hypertension risk 128

—an intentional page break (original page number 735)—

quetiapine (cont'd)

learning disabilities 622

overdose 661

Parkinson's disease 530

plasma level monitoring 3, 6

pregnancy 545

renal impairment 580

schizophrenia

combination therapy 38

dose-response effects 28

high-dose 28

inadequate response 61

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 45, 46

negative symptoms 41

place in therapy 51

refractory 155

relative efficacy 17

switching to 63, 88

sexual adverse effects 139

tardive dyskinesia and 97

tic disorders 399

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

for water intoxication 131

weight gain risk 90

 

raltegravir 604

ranitidine 93

rapid neuroleptisation 60

rapid tranquillisation (RT) 611-13, 613-14

antipsychotics 611-13, 613-14, 616

benzodiazepines 344, 612, 613-14

children and adolescents 405-7, 406

physical monitoring 614

pregnancy 553-4

remedial measures 615

reboxetine 243

adverse effects 332

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

breastfeeding 563

cardiotoxicity 309

diabetes and 321

elderly 281

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 593

HIV infection 599

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 660

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 548

publication bias 677

renal impairment 583

sexual adverse effects 325

switching to/from 297-301

red cell distribution width 672

reflux oesophagitis 168

refusal of medication 701, 714, 715

relative infant dose (RID) 559

renal function testing 576

bipolar affective disorder 228

renal impairment 576-89

agents recommended 578

anti-dementia drugs 586

antidepressants 581-3

antipsychotics 579-80

anxiolytics and hypnotics 585-6

classification 577

lithium-related 191

methadone dosing 436

mood stabilisers 584

nicotine replacement therapy 458

prescribing principles 576-8

renal replacement therapies 577

Research Units on Paediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network 391

respiratory rate, rapid tranquillisation 615

restlessness

non-psychotropics causing 653

see also akathisia

restricted repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs) 390-1

reticulocyte count 672

Rett's syndrome 390

reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603-4

reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA) 241, 333

see also moclobemide

rhabdomyolysis 577-8

rilpivirine 603

riluzole

bipolar depression 218

childhood obsessive compulsive disorder 377

Huntington's disease 538

refractory depression 263

refractory schizophrenia 155

risperidone

acute mania/hypomania 212

adverse effects 48

bipolar affective disorder 208, 223, 225, 226

blood lipids and 117

breastfeeding 568

catatonia 106, 107

children and adolescents 394, 408

ADHD 385

autism spectrum disorders 391, 392, 393, 394

bipolar affective disorder 364, 365

obsessive compulsive disorder 376

pathological aggression 393

psychosis 367

PTSD 380, 381

classification 15

costs 213

delirium 628

dementia 518-19, 520

depression

bipolar 219

refractory 257

diabetes association 122

elderly 482

epilepsy 633

equivalent doses 27, 27

hepatic impairment 593

HIV infection 598

Huntington's disease 538, 539

hypertension risk 128

learning disabilities 622

long-acting injection (RLAI) 67, 68, 80-3

combination therapy 37

dose-response effects 28, 80

elderly 483

equivalent dose 27, 80

management of patients 72

maximum licensed dose 25

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103

pharmacokinetics 70

plasma levels 7

switching away from 74, 78

switching to 81

vs other depot antipsychotics 80-2

vs paliperidone palmitate 80

multiple sclerosis 535

overdose 661

Parkinson's disease 530

plasma levels 3, 6-7, 62

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

renal impairment 580

schizophrenia

clozapine augmentation 150

dose-response effects 28, 61

high-dose 28, 61

inadequate response 61

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 46

place in therapy 51

prescribing 20

refractory 153, 154, 155

relative efficacy 17

switching to 63

sexual adverse effects 139

tardive dyskinesia and 97

tic disorders 398

for water intoxication 131

weight gain risk 90

Ritalin see methylphenidate

ritanserin

acute mania 213

refractory schizophrenia 155

ritonavir 601-3, 604

—an intentional page break (original page number 736)—

rivastigmine 488-9

adverse effects 493-4

Alzheimer's disease 487-9, 490

atrial fibrillation 657

delirium 629

dementia with Lewy bodies 502

drug interactions 495, 496

efficacy 490

Huntington's disease 539

mechanism of action 487

non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521

renal impairment 586

tolerability 492-3

transdermal patch 490, 492-3

vascular dementia 501-2

Royal College of Psychiatrists, on unlicensed use of licensed drugs 673-4, 674

RT see rapid tranquillisation

 

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

refractory depression 263

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

saffron 326, 500

saquinavir 602

sarcosine 155

schizoaffective disorder, atrial fibrillation and 657

schizophrenia 15-187

acute exacerbation 50

adherence to medication 18, 50, 68, 700

strategies for improving 703-4

alcohol dependence with 427

atrial fibrillation and 657

benzodiazepines 344

caffeine consumption 692-3

carbamazepine 204

catatonic 105, 106-8, 107, 107

children and adolescents 367, 367-8

complementary therapies 695

diabetes association 121

driving regulations 709

first episode 31, 49

hyponatraemia 130

monitoring 20, 45-6, 59-60

mortality 37

multi-episode 32, 32-4

negative symptoms 41-4, 57

new and developing drugs 56-8

NICE guidance 16-17, 59-60

nicotine use 684-5

omega-3 fatty acids 54-5, 155

pregnancy and 543

refractory 147-87

relapse 32, 50

sexual dysfunction 137

smoking cessation 461

treatment algorithms 49-50, 49-51

valproate therapy 155, 198

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 643-4

see also antipsychotics

scopolamine see hyoscine

second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) 15

ADHD 385

adverse effects 17, 86

autism spectrum disorders 391, 392

bipolar affective disorder 208, 225

children and adolescents

bipolar affective disorder 362-3, 364

psychosis 367, 367

PTSD 380, 381

delirium 627-8

dementia 518-21

diabetes risk 121-3

dyslipidaemia and 117-18

elderly 481-2, 483

equivalent doses 26-7, 27

HIV infection 598

Huntington's disease 538

long-acting injections 68

maximum licensed doses 24

minimum effective doses 22

multiple sclerosis 534-5

negative symptoms 41

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 102-3

NICE guidance 59, 60

Parkinson's disease 530

pregnancy 544-5, 545

psychotic depression 266

rapid tranquillisation 611, 612

relative efficacy 17

renal impairment 578, 579-80

sexual adverse effects 138, 139

street drug interactions 473

switching trials 62-3

tic disorders 398

unlicensed use 675

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

sedation

alcohol-induced 681

antidepressant-induced 280-1, 332-3

antipsychotic-induced 48

clozapine-induced 165

driving ability and 711

high dose 612

non-psychotropics causing 654

switching antipsychotics 144

see also rapid tranquillisation

sedatives

borderline personality disorder 619

breastfeeding 560, 571

hepatic impairment 590, 591

pregnancy 552-3, 553

renal impairment 578, 585-6

use of antipsychotics as 20

seizures

alcohol withdrawal 412, 412, 418

driving regulations 710

clozapine-induced 166

see also epilepsy

selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

anxiety disorders 334-5, 337-8

diabetes and 321

drug interactions 305

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

multiple sclerosis 534

Parkinson's disease 529

switching to/from 299-301

see also duloxetine; venlafaxine

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 235-7

adverse effects 234, 235-7, 332

children and adolescents 357

elderly 279

alcohol dependence 425-6

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

anxiety disorders 334-5, 337-8

atrial fibrillation 657

bleeding risks 279, 328-31, 329

borderline personality disorder 619

caffeine interaction 692

cardiotoxicity 307, 312-13

children and adolescents

anxiety disorders 370, 371, 372

autism spectrum disorders 391

depression 355-6, 357-9, 359

obsessive compulsive disorder 374-5, 376

PTSD 380, 381

dementia 522-3

depression 234, 235-7

bipolar 217, 219

children and adolescents 355-6, 357-9, 359

elderly 279, 280

minimum effective doses 250

NICE guidance 232

post-stroke 276-7

psychotic 267

refractory 257, 260, 263

diabetes and 321

discontinuation symptoms 284, 335

drug interactions 234, 305

eating disorders 608, 609

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 279, 280

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 593

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 539

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

hyponatraemia 316, 317

learning disabilities 622

lithium interactions 195

multiple sclerosis 534

—an intentional page break (original page number 737)—

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (cont'd)

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and 103

overdose 660

Parkinson's disease 529

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

pregnancy 546, 547-8, 549

schizophrenia negative symptoms 42

sexual adverse effects 325

street drug interactions 473

surgical patients 637, 638

switching to/from 296, 297-301

velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644

selegiline

schizophrenia 42

sexual adverse effects 326

sexual dysfunction 139

switching to/from 297-301

transdermal 292, 293

self-injurious behaviour (SIB)

autism spectrum disorders 392

learning disabilities 622-3

lithium therapy 190

Semagacestat 501

semi-sodium valproate see valproate

senna 178

d-serine, schizophrenia 42, 154

serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonists, dementia patients 511

serotonin syndrome 297

HIV infection 599

renal impairment and 577-8

St John's wort 247

surgery-related risk 637, 639

sertindole

adverse effects 48

breastfeeding 568

equivalent dose 27

HIV drug interactions 601, 603

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 46

refractory schizophrenia 150, 155

sertraline

adverse effects 234, 332

alcohol dependence 425-6

anxiety disorders 334-5

breastfeeding 564

cardiotoxicity 309, 312

children and adolescents 408

anxiety disorders 370, 371

autism spectrum disorders 391

depression 356

obsessive compulsive disorder 374

PTSD 380, 381

dementia 522-3

depression 237

children and adolescents 356

minimum effective dose 250

post-stroke 276

psychotic 266

drug interactions 635

elderly 480

multiple sclerosis 534

pregnancy 547, 549

renal impairment 583

Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) 490

Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) 412

sexual arousal 137

disorders 138, 139, 324

sexual desire see libido

sexual dysfunction 137-42

antidepressants and 234, 324-7, 325, 332-3

antipsychotic-related 52, 138-40, 139

effects of psychosis 137-8

hyperprolactinaemia and 133, 138

schizophrenia 137

switching antipsychotics 144

treatment 138-40, 140, 326

sexual response, human 137

Short Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (SAWS) 413, 415

Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale 431, 435

Shprintzen syndrome 643-5

sialorrhoea see hypersalivation

sildenafil 140, 140, 326

simvastatin 513

sleep disturbances

autism spectrum disorders 393

benzodiazepines 343

non-psychotropics causing 654

see also insomnia

smoking, cigarette 684-9

alcohol dependence and 425

caffeine interaction 692

depression and anxiety 685

drug interactions 685-6, 688-9, 688-9

movement disorders 685

pregnant women with psychiatric illness 542

schizophrenia 684-5

see also nicotine; nicotine dependence

smoking cessation 456-62

bupropion 460

effects on other drugs 462

mental health disorders 457, 461-2

NICE guidance 456-7

nicotine replacement therapy 457-60

surgical patients 637

varenicline 460-1

Snoezelen 518

SNRIs see selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

social and communication impairment 391

social anxiety disorder, childhood 369

social phobia 335, 337-8

sodium, plasma 130, 316, 669

see also hyponatraemia

sodium oxybate

eating disorders 609

tardive dyskinesia 98

sodium valproate see valproate

SOHO trial 33

solanezumab 501

solifenacin 507, 510

Souvenaid 500-1

SSRIs see selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

STAR*D programme 244, 255, 255-6, 324

statins

antipsychotic-treated patients 118-19

dementia 500, 501, 513, 514

stavudine 603

STEP-BD study 226

steroid-induced psychosis 190

stimulant drugs

ADHD 384-5

depression 272-5, 273-4

hepatic impairment 595

misuse/dependence 463-5

refractory depression 263

St John's wort (SJW) 246-9

child and adolescent depression 357

drug interactions 247, 601-4

patient information 247-8

'street drugs'

acute intoxication 472

interactions with prescribed psychotropics 472-5, 473-4

see also drug misuse/dependence

stroke

antipsychotic-treated elderly with dementia 519-20

depression after 274, 276-8

SSRI-related risk 329, 329

stupor, psychiatric 105-8, 107

stuttering, clozapine-related 168

Suboxone 431, 444

substance misuse 409-75

ADHD and 386

coexisting psychosis 453

NICE guidance 451-3

pain management and 437-8

see also specific substances

Subutex see buprenorphine

sudden cardiac death

antipsychotic-associated 110, 114

clozapine-related 170

risk in depression 312

see also QT prolongation

—an intentional page break (original page number 738)—

suicide/suicidal ideation

antidepressants and 244

anxiety disorders 335

bipolar affective disorder 190, 216, 225

lithium and 190

multiple sclerosis 533

non-psychotropics causing 654

psychotropic overdose 659-62, 659-64

schizophrenia 32

SSRI-treated young people 357, 374-5

sulpiride 15

adverse effects 48

breastfeeding 568

classification 15

clozapine augmentation 150

clozapine-related hypersalivation 175

diabetes risk 122

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 26

hepatic impairment 593

Huntington's disease 538

hypertension risk 128

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 45

refractory schizophrenia 154

renal impairment 580

sexual adverse effects 139

tic disorders 398

weight gain risk 90

sumatriptan, intranasal 270

super-sensitivity psychosis 34

surgery

psychotropics and 637-42, 638-40

SSRI-related bleeding 328

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 130, 131, 316

 

tachycardia, clozapine-induced 165

tadalafil 326

tamoxifen

acute mania 213

antidepressant interactions 234, 303

tamsulosin 509

tantrums, autism spectrum disorders 392

tardive dyskinesia (TD) 84-5, 97-101

first vs second-generation antipsychotics 52, 97

switching antipsychotics 144

treatment 97-101, 98

TC 5619: 58

TCAs see tricyclic antidepressants

telmisartan 129

temazepam

diazepam equivalent dose 347

renal impairment 586

temperature, body

clozapine-induced increase 161, 166

rapid tranquillisation and 615

tenofovir 604

terazosin 174

testosterone

female sexual dysfunction 139

refractory depression 263

schizophrenia 42

tetrabenazine

Huntington's disease 538

tardive dyskinesia 85, 98

tic disorders 399

theophylline

dementia patients 511

drug interactions 205, 234

therapeutic drug monitoring see plasma level monitoring

thiamine

alcohol withdrawal 413, 419, 420

post-ECT confusion 270

thiazide diuretics, lithium interaction 194, 194

thioridazine 15, 139

thioxanthines 15

breastfeeding 568

sexual adverse effects 139

thrombocytopenia, clozapine-induced 168

thromboembolism, clozapine-induced 170

thyroid function tests 46, 191, 228

thyroid-stimulating hormone 669

thyroxine

bipolar affective disorder 218, 223

carbamazepine interaction 205

psychotropics affecting 669

tianeptine, refractory depression 262

tic disorders 397-401

obsessive compulsive disorder with 377

tipranavir 603

TMS see transcranial magnetic stimulation

tolterodine 507, 509, 510

tolvaptan 130

topiramate

alcohol dependence 423

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

autism spectrum disorders 392

bipolar affective disorder 213, 223

clozapine augmentation 150

dementia 523

depressant effects 634

eating disorders 609

refractory schizophrenia 155

tic disorders 399

TORDIA (Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescence) studies 355, 358, 359

torsade de pointes 110-11, 438

torticollis 84

Tourette's syndrome 397-401

tramadol 399, 512

tranquillisation, rapid see rapid tranquillisation

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

schizophrenia 42, 155

tardive dyskinesia 98

transferrin, carbohydrate-deficient 667

tranylcypromine 240

adverse effects 333

discontinuation symptoms 284, 285

overdose 659

refractory depression 256

switching to/from 297-301

trazodone 243

adverse effects 332

antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 89

breastfeeding 564

cardiotoxicity 309, 312

delirium 629

dementia 522-3

diabetes and 321

elderly 481

HIV infection 599, 602

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 660

pregnancy 548

rectal 292, 294

renal impairment 583

sexual adverse effects 325, 326

switching to/from 297-301

Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) 355, 357

Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescence (TORDIA) studies 355, 358, 359

TREC studies 611, 612

tremor

antipsychotic-induced 84

lithium-induced 191

valproate-induced 199

triazolam 344

tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 238-9

ADHD 385

adverse effects 234, 238-9, 332

alcohol dependence 425, 682

atrial fibrillation 657

breastfeeding 564

cardiotoxicity 309, 312-13

children and adolescents 356-7

dementia 523

depression 234, 238-9

minimum effective dose 250

post-stroke 276

psychotic 266

refractory 262, 263

diabetes and 321

—an intentional page break (original page number 739)—

tricyclic antidepressants (cont'd)

discontinuation symptoms 284

drug interactions 303-5

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 280

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 594

HIV infection 599, 602

Huntington's disease 539

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

multiple sclerosis 534

overdose 660

Parkinson's disease 529

plasma level monitoring 3

post-mortem blood concentrations 13

pregnancy 546-7

sexual adverse effects 325

smoking status and 689

surgical patients 637, 639

switching to/from 297-301

trifluoperazine

adverse effects 48

epilepsy 633

equivalent dose 26

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

pregnancy 545

renal impairment 580

weight gain risk 90

triglycerides, plasma 117, 118, 669

trihexyphenidyl 174

tri-iodothyronine (T3)

psychotropics affecting 669

refractory depression 256, 257

trimipramine 239

adverse effects 332

refractory depression 262

renal impairment 583

trospium 507-9, 510

tryptophan

depletion, acute mania 213

refractory depression 262

typical antipsychotics 15

see also first-generation antipsychotics

 

UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 646

unlicensed medicines 673-5, 675

paediatric practice 353

see also off-label prescribing

urate/uric acid, plasma 669

urea, plasma 669

urea and electrolytes (U&Es) 45, 228

urinary incontinence, anticholinergic drugs for 507-9, 510, 515

urinary retention, alpha blockers for 509, 515

vaccines, anti-addiction 463-4

valproate 201

acute mania/hypomania 197-8, 211, 213

adverse effects 199

alcohol dependence 426

autism spectrum disorders 393

bipolar affective disorder 197-202, 225, 226

bipolar depression 198, 217, 219

breastfeeding 560, 570

children and adolescents 362, 364, 408

costs 213

delirium 629

dementia 523

discontinuation 200

drug interactions 200

elderly 484

formulations 197

hepatic impairment 199, 594

HIV infection 599

Huntington's disease 538

indications 197-8

learning disabilities 622

mechanism of action 197

on-treatment monitoring 199

overdose 661

plasma levels 3, 198-9

pregnancy 550, 551, 551-2, 552

pre-treatment tests 199

renal impairment 584

schizophrenia 155, 198

street drug interactions 474

surgical patients 638

unlicensed use 675

women of childbearing age 200, 542

valproic acid see valproate

valsartan 129

vaptans 130

varenicline, smoking cessation 456, 460-1, 461-2

vascular dementia 501-2

vasculitis, clozapine-induced 168

velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) 643-5

venlafaxine 243

adverse effects 234, 332

anxiety disorders 334

atrial fibrillation 657

bipolar depression 217

bleeding risk 328

breastfeeding 565

cardiotoxicity 309, 312-13

children and adolescents 358, 371, 371

discontinuation symptoms 284, 284, 285

ECT seizure threshold and 269

elderly 279, 281, 481

epilepsy 633

hepatic impairment 594

Huntington's disease 539

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 660

Parkinson's disease 529

post-stroke depression 276

pregnancy 548

psychotic depression 266

refractory depression 256, 257, 260, 263

renal impairment 583

sexual adverse effects 325

switching to/from 299-301

vigabatrin, cocaine dependence 463

violent behaviour 611-17

recommended interventions 613-14

see also acutely disturbed behaviour; aggressive behaviour

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 89, 98

vitamin B12 41, 498

vitamin B complex, alcohol withdrawal 419

vitamin D 695

vitamin E 98, 498

vitamin supplements

alcohol withdrawal 413, 419

Alzheimer's disease 498

anorexia nervosa 607

vortioxetine 237

adverse effects 332

breastfeeding 565

cardiotoxicity 309, 312

discontinuation 283, 285

elderly 279, 481

epilepsy 633

hyperprolactinaemia and 319

hyponatraemia 316

minimum effective dose 250

overdose 660

renal impairment 583

switching to/from 299-301

 

warfarin

atrial fibrillation 656

SSRIs and 276-7, 329

water intoxication 130, 131

weight, monitoring

bipolar affective disorder 229

renal impairment 577

schizophrenia 45, 92

weight gain

antidepressant-induced 280-1, 321

antipsychotic-induced 48, 90-6

children and adolescents 393

dyslipidaemia risk 117

hypertension risk 128

relative risk 90, 90

switching agents 92, 144

treatment 92-6, 93

clozapine-induced 165

valproate-induced 199

—an intentional page break (original page number 740)—

Wernicke's encephalopathy 412, 412, 418-20

white cell count (WCC), effects of lithium and clozapine 181-2

women of child-bearing age

bipolar affective disorder 192, 200, 205

prescribing principles 542

see also pregnancy

 

yohimbine 139, 140

young people see children and adolescents

 

zaleplon 571, 586

zidovudine 603

zinc 262, 608

ziprasidone

acute mania 213

adverse effects 48

bipolar affective disorder 208, 364

bipolar depression 219

blood lipids and 117, 118

breastfeeding 568

catatonia 106, 107

children and adolescents 364, 406

clozapine augmentation 150

delirium 628

diabetes and 122-3, 124

dose-response effects 28, 61

equivalent dose 27

HIV infection 598

hypertension risk 128

maximum licensed dose 24

minimum effective dose 22

monitoring physical health 46

negative symptoms 41

neuroleptic malignant syndrome 102-3

overdose 661

Parkinson's disease 530

prolactin plasma levels and 133

QTc prolongation 112

rapid tranquillisation 406, 611

refractory depression 262

refractory schizophrenia 155

relative efficacy 17

renal impairment 580

switching to 63, 92

tic disorders 398

weight gain risk 90

zolmitriptan, akathisia 89

zolpidem

breastfeeding 571

disinhibitory reactions 350

driving ability and 707

elderly 485

overdose 662

renal impairment 586

tardive dyskinesia 98

zonisamide

antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93

bipolar depression 218

eating disorders 609

zopiclone

breastfeeding 571

driving ability and 707

elderly 485

hepatic impairment 591

overdose 662

renal impairment 586

zotepine, epilepsy 634

zuclopenthixol

acetate (Clopixol Acuphase), guidelines 616

adverse effects 48

breastfeeding 568

depot 67, 67, 68

elderly 483

equivalent dose 26

maximum licensed dose 25

pharmacokinetics 70

equivalent dose 26

hepatic impairment 592

learning disabilities 622

maximum licensed dose 24

renal impairment 580

smoking status and 689

Zyban see bupropion

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