Index
Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures; those in bold to tables or boxes.
abacavir 603
acamprosate
alcohol dependence 421, 421, 426-7
eating disorders 609
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors 487-95, 488-9
adverse effects 493-4
Alzheimer's disease 487-90
atrial fibrillation 657
combination therapy 495
delirium 628-9
dementia with Lewy bodies 502
dosing 492
drug interactions 205, 494-5, 496
efficacy in dementia 487-90
Huntington's disease 539
mechanism of action 487
mild cognitive impairment (MCI) 493, 502
myasthenia gravis 512, 514
NICE guidance 497
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521
Parkinson's disease 502, 530, 531
renal impairment 586
switching between 491-2
tolerability 492-3
vascular dementia 501-2
see also donepezil; galantamine; rivastigmine
N-acetylcysteine, refractory schizophrenia 154
activated partial thromboplastin time 670
acute intoxication
rapid tranquillisation 612
street drugs, behavioural disturbance 472
acutely disturbed behaviour 611-17
Clopixol Acuphase 616
intoxication with street drugs 472
rapid tranquillisation 611-13
recommended interventions 613-14
acute mania see mania, acute
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
refractory depression 263
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
ADHD see attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
adherence, medication 700-5
assessment 702
factors affecting 701
lithium therapy 193
rates 700-1
schizophrenia 18, 33, 68, 700
strategies for improving 702-4
adolescents see children and adolescents
adverse psychiatric drug effects see psychiatric side-effects
AF111167: 57
affective disorders
caffeine consumption 693
stupor 105, 107
see also bipolar affective disorder; depression; mania
Afro-Caribbeans, clozapine-induced neutropenia 181
ageing see elderly
aggressive behaviour
autism spectrum disorders 392, 393
benzodiazepine-associated 350-2
carbamazepine 204
dementia see dementia, noncognitive symptoms
learning disabilities 622-3
lithium 190
non-psychotropics causing 651
valproate 198
see also acutely disturbed behaviour
agitation
dementia see dementia, noncognitive symptoms
non-psychotropics causing 651
agomelatine 242
adverse effects 332
atrial fibrillation 657
breastfeeding 561
cardiotoxicity 308, 312
diabetes and 321
discontinuation 283, 285
elderly 279, 281, 480
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 593
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 659
renal impairment 581
serum prolactin and 319
sexual adverse effects 325, 326
smoking status and 688
switching to/from 297, 297-301
agranulocytosis
clozapine-induced 166, 168, 170, 181, 182
psychotropics causing 670
see also neutropenia
AIDS see HIV infection/AIDS
akathisia 48, 84-5, 88-9
treatment 85, 88, 89
—an intentional page break (original page number 717)—
d-alanine, refractory schizophrenia 153
alanine transferase 666
albumin, plasma 666
alcohol 416-17
buprenorphine and 443
detoxification 413-17
driving and 707
drug interactions 473-4, 679-83, 680-2
intoxication, rapid tranquillisation 612
metabolism 679, 679
methadone interaction 436
post-mortem blood samples 13, 13
units 411
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 679, 679
drugs inhibiting 680
alcohol dependence/misuse 411-28
assessment 411-12
children and adolescents 424
co-morbid mental health disorders 425-7
concurrent drug use disorders 424-5
driving regulations 710-11
drug interactions 679-80
mild, assisted withdrawal 416, 420
moderate, assisted withdrawal 416, 416, 420
NICE guideline 411, 421, 422
older adults 424
pregnancy 423-4
psychotropic drug choice 682
relapse prevention 420-3
severe, assisted withdrawal 416, 417, 420
treatment see alcohol withdrawal
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) 412
alcohol withdrawal 412-23
clinical features 412, 412
community setting 413
complications 418-20
fixed dose reduction regimen 415-16, 416, 417
front-loading regimen 415
inpatient/residential settings 413, 416-17
pharmacologically assisted 413-17, 420
pregnancy 423-4
seizure prophylaxis 203-4, 418
somatic complaints, and remedies 420
symptom scales 413, 414, 415s
ymptom-triggered regimen 416-17
aldehyde dehydrogenase 679, 679
drugs inhibiting 680
alfuzosin 509
alkaline phosphatase 666
allopurinol 153
acute mania 213
α2-adrenergic agonists
opioid withdrawal 446
PTSD in young people 380
tic disorders 398
see also clonidine; guanfacine
alpha-blockers, for urinary retention, dementia patients 509, 515
alprazolam
HIV drug interactions 601
panic disorder 334
alprostadil 140, 140
alverine 511
Alzheimer's disease 487-501
anticholinergics for urinary incontinence 507-9
atrial fibrillation and 657
cognitive enhancing drugs 487-95, 488-9
depression and 522
efficacy of drug treatment 487-91
management of non-cognitive symptoms 517-28
NICE guidance 495, 497, 521
other treatments 498-501
quantifying drug effects 491
switching between drugs 491-2
see also acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; anti-dementia drugs; memantine
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) 487
amantadine
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
Huntington's disease 538
hyperprolactinaemia 134
multiple sclerosis 535-6
refractory depression 262
sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140
tardive dyskinesia 98
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) 369, 379
American Psychiatric Association, acute mania/hypomania 212
amfebutamone see bupropion
amfetamine(s)
depression 272, 273, 274
drug interactions 473-4
misuse 464, 470
refractory depression 263
see also dexamfetamine
AMG 747: 57
amino acids, tardive dyskinesia 98
6-(2-aminopropyl) benzofuran (6-APB) 473-4
amiodarone 513
amisulpride
adverse effects 48
bipolar affective disorder 208
breastfeeding 566
clozapine augmentation 150
clozapine-induced hypersalivation 174
delirium 627
dementia 518, 521
diabetes and 122-3
elderly 481
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 592
Huntington's disease 539
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 45, 46
negative symptoms 41
overdose 660
plasma level monitoring 2-4, 3
prescribing 20
psychotic depression 266
refractory schizophrenia 153, 154, 155
relative efficacy 17
renal impairment 579
sexual adverse effects 139
weight gain risk 90
amitriptyline 238
adverse effects 332
children and adolescents 356-7, 408
clozapine-induced hypersalivation 174
discontinuation symptoms 284
epilepsy 633
gel 291, 293
intramuscular 291, 292
intravenous 291, 292
plasma level monitoring 3
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 547, 549
rectal 292, 294
renal impairment 581
amnesia, alcohol-induced 681
amoxapine, epilepsy 633
amphetamines see amfetamine(s) amylase, serum 666
anaemia, psychotropics causing 672
analgesic agents
dementia 512-13, 515, 517
opioid-dependent patients 437-8, 443
angiotensin II antagonists, lithium interactions 194, 194
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, lithium interactions 194, 194
ANNSERS (Antipsychotic NonNeurological Side-Effects Rating Scale) 17, 20
anorexia nervosa 607-9, 609
Antabuse see disulfiram
—an intentional page break (original page number 718)—
anti-adrenergic medications, PTSD in young people 380, 381
antibiotics, dementia patients 514, 515
anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) 507
anticholinergic drugs
antidepressant discontinuation symptoms 285
bronchodilators 511
extrapyramidal side-effects 85
with long-acting injection antipsych otics 68
prescribing in dementia 507-12, 508, 514, 515
street drug interactions 474
urinary incontinence 507-9, 510, 515
anticholinergic side-effects
antidepressants 280-1, 332-3
antipsychotics 48
renal impairment and 577
anticholinesterases see acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors
anticoagulated patients
atrial fibrillation 656
SSRIs and 276-7, 329
anticonvulsants
alcohol dependence 203-4, 418, 423
autism spectrum disorders 391
biochemical side-effects 667
bipolar affective disorder 197-207
clozapine-induced seizure prophylaxis 11-12
dementia 523
depression/psychosis and 632-5
driving and 707
drug interactions 635
ECT seizure threshold and 270
learning disabilities 622
pregnancy 551-2, 552
surgical patients 638
see also mood stabilisers; specific agents
anti-dementia drugs (cognitive enhancers) 487-507, 488-9
adverse effects 493-4
clinical effectiveness 487-91
clinical practice guidance 502-3, 503
combinations 495
dementia with Lewy bodies 502
dosing 492
drug interactions 494-5, 496-7
Huntington's disease 539
mechanisms of action 487
mild cognitive impairment 493, 502
multiple sclerosis 535
NICE guidance 495, 497
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521
Parkinson's disease 502
quantifying effects 491
renal impairment 578, 586
switching between 491-2
tolerability 492-3
vascular dementia 501-2
see also acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; memantine
antidepressants 233-333, 235-43
adverse effects 307-33
elderly 280-1
relative 234, 332-3
alcohol dependence 425-6, 682
alternative routes of
administration 290-5, 291-2
anxiety spectrum disorders 334-5, 370-1
atrial fibrillation 657
benzodiazepine withdrawal 348
biochemical side-effects 666-9
bipolar affective disorder 226
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 560, 560, 561-5
cardiotoxicity 307-14, 308-9
children and adolescents 355-9, 359, 370-1, 408
costs 235-43
cross-tapering 296
dementia 522-3
depression 233-333
bipolar 217, 218, 219, 363
children and adolescents 355-9, 359
choice of agent 234, 235-43
duration of treatment 244
effectiveness 233
lithium augmentation 190
minimum effective doses 250
next step treatments 244
NICE guidelines 232, 288
onset of action 233
post-stroke 276-8
prescribing principles 231
prophylaxis 287-9
psychotic 266-8
refractory (resistant) 255, 255-65, 265
switching 253
treatment algorithm 252-3
diabetes and 321, 321-3
discontinuation symptoms 234, 283-6, 284, 296
driving and 707
drug interactions 205, 234, 303-6, 304-5
dysthymia 233
eating disorders 608, 609
ECT seizure threshold and 269, 269
elderly 280-1, 480-1
epilepsy and 632, 633
haematological side-effects 670-2
hepatic impairment 591, 591, 593-4
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 539
hyperprolactinaemia and 319, 319-20
hyponatraemic effects 234, 279, 316-18
indications 235-43
intra-gastric (IG) 290
intra-jejunal (IJ) 290
intramuscular 291, 291
intravenous 290-3, 291
multiple sclerosis 534
overdose 659-60
Parkinson's disease 529
pregnancy 546-8, 549, 553
rectal 292, 293-4
renal impairment 577-8, 578, 581-3
schizophrenia negative symptoms 42
sexual dysfunction and 324-7, 325
street drug interactions 473
sublingual 290, 291
suicidality and 244
surgical patients 637, 638-9
swapping/stopping 296-302, 298-301
transdermal 291-2, 293
see also specific agents
antidiuretic hormone, syndrome of inappropriate secretion (SIADH) 130, 131, 316
antiemetics, dementia patients 509-11, 514
antiepileptics see anticonvulsants
antihistamines
anorexia nervosa 608
borderline personality disorder 619
dementia 513, 514
see also promethazine
antihypertensives, dementia patients 513, 514
antimuscarinic drugs
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 88
see also anticholinergic drugs
Antipsychotic Non-Neurological Side-Effects Rating Scale (ANNSERS) 17, 20
antipsychotics 15-187
acute mania/hypomania 208, 211, 211-12, 213
adherence 18, 33, 50, 68
adverse effects 17, 84-146
children and adolescents 367
combination therapy 37
dose-related 29
first- vs second-generation agents 52, 86
monitoring 20
relative 48, 48
switching agents for 144, 144-6
alcohol misusers 682
anorexia nervosa 608
—an intentional page break (original page number 719)—
antipsychotics (cont'd)
atrial fibrillation 657
atypical 15
see also second-generation antipsychotics
biochemical side-effects 666-9
bipolar affective disorder 208-10, 225-6
borderline personality disorder 618-19
breastfeeding 560, 566-8
cardiovascular effects 110-16
catatonia 106-8, 107, 107
children and adolescents 408
bipolar affective disorder 362-3, 364
psychosis 367, 367
choosing 16-17
classification 15-16
combination therapy 20, 37-40, 60, 63-4
delirium 627-8
dementia 518-21
depot see long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics diabetes association 121-3, 124
dose-response effects 28, 61-2
doses 20
equivalent 26, 26-7, 27
loading 60
maintenance treatment 33
maximum licensed (EU) 24-5
minimum effective 22, 22-3
when to increase 61
driving and 707
drug interactions 205
ECT seizure threshold and 270
elderly 481-3
epilepsy and 632, 633-4
first episode psychosis 31, 49
first generation see first-generation antipsychotics
haematological side-effects 670-2
hepatic impairment 591, 591, 592-3
high-dose 28-30
adverse effects 29
efficacy 28
prescribing 29-30
HIV infection 598
Huntington's disease 538, 539
inadequate response 61-5
learning disabilities 622
long-acting injections see long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics
maintenance treatment 32, 32-4
monitoring 20, 45-6, 59-60
monotherapy 20, 37
multiple sclerosis 534-5
negative symptoms 41-4
new and developing 56-7
NICE guidelines 59-60
overdose 660-1
Parkinson's disease 530
plasma level variations 62
pregnancy 543-5, 545, 553
prescribing principles 20-1
prophylaxis 31-6
psychotic depression 266-7
rapid tranquillisation 611-13, 613, 613-14, 616
refractory depression 257
relapse or acute exacerbation 50
relative efficacy 17-18
renal impairment 577-8, 578, 579-80
second generation see second-generation antipsychotics sedative use 20
street drug interactions 473
surgical patients 639
switching 62-4, 144, 144-6
tic disorders 398-9
typical 15
see also first-generation antipsychotics
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
withdrawal 33-4
see also specific agents antiretroviral drugs
adverse psychiatric effects 604, 605
pharmacodynamic
interactions 604, 606
pharmacokinetic interactions 600, 601-4
antisocial personality disorder, ADHD and 386
antispasmodics, dementia patients 511, 514
anxiety 334
nicotine use 685
non-psychotropics causing 651
anxiety spectrum disorders 334-42, 337-8
alcohol dependence with 426-7
atrial fibrillation and 657
benzodiazepines 334, 343
caffeine consumption 693
children and adolescents 369-73, 371, 379-80
driving regulations 708
HIV infection 599
learning disabilities 622
multiple sclerosis 533
NICE guidelines 334, 339
pregabalin 335
pregnancy 552-3
psychological approaches 336, 338
SSRIs/SNRIs 334-5
anxiolytics 343
biochemical side-effects 666
driving and 707
elderly 484-5
HIV infection 599
renal impairment 578, 585-6
see also benzodiazepines; sedatives
6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl) benzofuran) 473-4
aquaretics 130
aripiprazole
acute mania/hypomania 212
adverse effects 48
atrial fibrillation 657
autism spectrum disorders 392
bipolar affective disorder 208, 223, 225
children and adolescents 364, 365
bipolar depression 218, 219
blood lipids and 117, 118
breastfeeding 566
catatonia 106, 107
children and adolescents 408
psychosis 367
rapid tranquillisation 406
clozapine augmentation 149, 150
combination therapy 37
cost 213
delirium 627
dementia 518
diabetes and 122-3, 124
dose
equivalent 27
maximum licensed 24
minimum effective 22
dose-response observations 61
elderly 481
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 592
Huntington's disease 538, 539
hypertension risk 128
learning disabilities 622
long-acting injection (LAI) 68, 74
dosing and frequency 67, 74
elderly 483
maximum licensed dose 24
pharmacokinetics 70
switching to 74
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103
overdose 660
Parkinson's disease 530
plasma level monitoring 3, 4
prolactin plasma levels and 133, 134
psychotic depression 266
rapid tranquillisation 611, 613
children and adolescents 406
refractory depression 257
refractory schizophrenia 153, 154
relative efficacy 17
renal impairment 579
sexual function and 138, 139
switching to 63, 92
tardive dyskinesia and 97
tic disorders 398
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
weight gain risk 90
—an intentional page break (original page number 720)—
Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) 138
armodafinil
depression 272, 273
schizophrenia 42
aromatherapy 695, 697, 698
dementia 518
arrhythmias
antidepressant-induced 308-9, 312-15
antipsychotic-induced 110-11
physiological risk factors 112, 112
risk in anorexia nervosa 607
see also atrial fibrillation; QT prolongation
asenapine
acute mania/hypomania 212
adverse effects 48
bipolar affective disorder 208
breastfeeding 566
cost 213
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 27
glucose homeostasis and 123
hepatic impairment 592
hyperprolactinaemia and 134
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
negative symptoms 41
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103
overdose 660
renal impairment 579
weight gain risk 90
aspartate aminotransferase 666
Asperger's syndrome 390, 709
aspirin
multiple sclerosis 536
valproate interaction 200
assays, drug 1
asthenia, non-psychotropics causing 651
ataxia, alcohol-induced 681
atazanavir 601
atomoxetine
ADHD 385, 386, 388
autism spectrum disorders 392
hepatic impairment 595
Parkinson's disease 529
atrial fibrillation (AF) 656-8, 657
atropine, for hypersalivation 174, 512
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 384-9
adult 385-6
autism spectrum disorders 391-2
bipolar affective disorder and 363
driving and 707, 709
NICE guidance 384
pregnancy 554
prescribing 388
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644-5
attitudes to medication, assessing 701
atypical antipsychotics 15
see also second-generation antipsychotics
autism 390
autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 390-6
co-morbid problem behaviours 391-3
core symptoms 390-1
driving regulations 709
fluoxetine prescribing 394, 395
learning disability with 621, 622
risperidone prescribing 394
baclofen
alcohol dependence 423
GBL and GHB withdrawal 467, 467, 468
tic disorders 399
BALANCE study 198, 225
bapineuzumab 501
barbiturates
ECT seizure threshold and 270
pregnancy 552
basophils 670
behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) of dementia see dementia, non-cognitive symptoms
behavioural disorders
acute see acutely disturbed behaviour
driving regulations 710
learning disabilities 621, 622-3
non-psychotropics causing 651
behavioural therapies
autism spectrum disorders 390
dementia 518
drug-induced weight gain 92
tics 397
benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) 181
benperidol, adverse effects 48
benzamides, substituted 15
benzatropine, antipsychotic side-effects 88, 174
benzhexol, clozapine-induced hypersalivation 174
benzodiazepines 343-52
acute mania/hypomania 212
alcohol withdrawal 413-17, 416, 417, 418, 423-4
antagonism see flumazenil
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 88
anxiety disorders 334, 337-8, 343
alcohol dependence with 426
children and adolescents 371, 371
anxiolytic 343
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 571
caffeine interaction 692
catatonia/stupor 106, 107
delirium 628
dementia 522
dependence (misuse) 346-9, 466, 470
alcohol dependence with 424
depression 343-4
detoxification 346-9
disinhibitory reactions 350-2
dosage reduction 347
driving ability and 707
drug interactions 205, 344-5, 474
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 484-5
HIV infection 598, 599
hypnotic 343
methadone interaction 436
misuse see benzodiazepines, dependence
multiple sclerosis 533
overdose 661
post-mortem blood
concentrations 13
pregnancy 423-4, 552-3
rapid tranquillisation 344, 612, 613-14
side-effects 344
smoking status and 688
street drug interactions 474
surgical patients 639
switching to diazepam 347, 347
tardive dyskinesia 98
tolerance test 346
urine screening 346
withdrawal symptoms 346, 346
benztropine see benzatropine
beta-agonists, dementia patients 511
beta-blockers
multiple sclerosis 533
see also propranolol
bethanechol
clozapine-induced constipation 179
sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140
bexarotene, refractory schizophrenia 153
bicarbonate, plasma 666
bilirubin, serum 666
binge eating disorder 607, 609, 609
biochemical side-effects, psychotropic drugs 665, 666-9
BioMelatonin 402, 404
bipolar affective disorder (BAD) 189-230
alcohol dependence with 426
antipsychotics 208-10, 225-6
atrial fibrillation and 657
children and adolescents 358-9, 362-6, 364, 365
elderly 484
HIV infection 599
mood stabilisers 189-207
multiple sclerosis 534-5
physical monitoring 228-9
pregnancy and postpartum 548-50, 551
—an intentional page break (original page number 721)—
bipolar affective disorder (confd)
prophylaxis 225-7
antipsychotics 208, 225-6
carbamazepine 203, 225, 226
lithium 190, 225, 226
NICE recommendations 225-6
valproate 198, 225, 226
rapid-cycling 223, 223-4
see also depression, bipolar; mania
bitopertin 57
bleeding, SSRI-related 279, 328-31, 329
blood drug concentrations
post-mortem, interpretation 13, 13-14
see also plasma drug concentrations
blood pressure {BP)
antidepressants and 308-9
monitoring
bipolar affective disorder 229
schizophrenia 46
starting clozapine 161
see also hypertension; hypotension
body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) 335
Bolam test 673, 674
Bolitho test 673, 674
borderline personality disorder (BPD) 618-20
botulinum toxin
clozapine-related hypersalivation 174
tardive dyskinesia 98
tic disorders 399
bowel obstruction, clozapine-associated 178
bradykinesia 84
bradyphrenia 84
breastfeeding 559-60, 560
antidepressants 560, 561-5
antipsychotics 566-8
infant exposure 559
mood stabilisers 569-70
nicotine replacement therapy 458
opioid dependence 450
prescribing principles 559-60
sedatives 571
see also postpartum period
breathalyser 411
brexipiprazole 56
British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) guidelines
acute mania/hypomania 212
anti-dementia drugs 502-3, 503
schizophrenia 42
bromocriptine 134, 140
bronchodilators, dementia patients 511, 514
bulimia nervosa 607, 609, 609
buprenorphine 431, 439-44
analgesia for patients on 437, 443
cautions 443
clinical effectiveness 439
detoxification regimens 445, 446, 446, 448
less than daily dosing 442-3
methadone vs 431, 432
NICE guidance 451
older people 513
overdose 443
pregnancy and breastfeeding 449-50
prescribing 439-43, 440
QT prolongation 439
transfer from methadone to 441, 441-2, 443
transfer from other prescribed opioids to 442
withdrawal 431
buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) 431, 444
bupropion (amfebutamone)
ADHD 385
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
bipolar depression 217
breastfeeding 561
cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313
clozapine-related
hypersalivation 174
cocaine dependence 463
discontinuation symptoms 283
eating disorders 609
epilepsy 633
HIV infection 599
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
overdose 659
pregnancy 548
refractory depression 256, 257
renal impairment 581
sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140, 326
smoking cessation 456, 460, 461
switching to/from 297-301
buspirone
alcohol dependence 426
body dysmorphic disorder 335
children and adolescents 371, 371
multiple sclerosis 533
refractory depression 256, 260
renal impairment 585
sexual dysfunction 138-9, 140
butyrophenones 15
breastfeeding 566
overdose 660
cabergoline
hyperprolactinaemia 134
refractory depression 262
caffeine 690-4
consumption in mental illness 692-3
content of drinks 690
interactions 691, 692
intoxication 691, 692
Parkinson's disease and 531
psychotropic effects 691
calcium, plasma 667
calcium antagonists, tardive dyskinesia 98
cancer, psychostimulants for depression 273
cannabinoids
anorexia nervosa 607
tic disorders 399
cannabis 470
drug interactions 473-4
capacity, mental
assessment 714
covert administration of medication and 714-16
learning disabilities 621
to refuse medication 701, 714
carbamazepine 203-7, 206
acute mania/hypomania 203, 211
ADHD 385
adverse effects 204-5
alcohol withdrawal 203-4, 418
bipolar affective disorder 203-7, 225, 226
bipolar depression 203, 218
breastfeeding 569
children and adolescents 408
costs 213
dementia 523
discontinuation 205
drug interactions 205-6, 635
elderly 484
formulations 203
hepatic impairment 594
HIV infection 599, 603, 604
indications 203-4
learning disabilities 622
lithium interaction 195
mechanism of action 203
on-treatment monitoring 205
overdose 661
plasma levels 3, 204
pregnancy 550, 551, 551-2, 552
pre-treatment tests 205
renal impairment 584
smoking status and 688
street drug interactions 474
surgical patients 638
women of child-bearing age 205
cardiac arrhythmias see arrhythmias
cardiac conduction disturbances, antidepressant-induced 308-9, 332-3
cardiac drugs, dementia 513
cardiomyopathy, clozapine-induced 170-2
cardiovascular adverse effects
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 493-4
antidepressants 234, 307-15, 308-9
antipsychotics 110-16
clozapine 161, 163-4, 170-3
—an intentional page break (original page number 722)—
cardiovascular disease
cigarette smokers 684, 685
depression-associated risk 312
nicotine replacement therapy 458
risk factors in schizophrenia 114, 117-18
cariprazine 56
catatonia 105-9
malignant/lethal 106
management 106-8, 107, 107
CATCH 22 syndrome 643-5
CATIE-AD study 519
CATIE study 17, 32, 33, 52, 62, 63
CBT see cognitive behavioural therapy
celecoxib, refractory schizophrenia 153
cerebrolysin 500
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) see stroke
chemotherapy, clozapine and 186-7
Childhood Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) 370
childhood disintegrative disorder 390
children and adolescents 353-408
ADHD 384, 384-9, 388
alcohol dependence 424
anxiety disorders 369-73, 371, 379-80
autism spectrum disorders 390-6
bipolar illness 358-9, 362-6, 364, 365
depression 355-61, 359
drug doses 408
eating disorders 607, 609
lithium plasma levels 190
melatonin for insomnia 402-4, 404
obsessive compulsive disorder 374-8, 376
prescribing principles 353-4
psychosis 367, 367-8
PTSD 372, 379-83, 381
rapid tranquillisation 405-7, 406
smoking cessation 458
tics and Tourette's syndrome 397-401
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644-5
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) 374, 375
chlordiazepoxide
alcohol-dependent pregnant women 423-4
alcohol withdrawal 413-17, 416, 417
diazepam equivalent dose 347
renal impairment 585
chloride, serum 667
chlorphenamine 513
chlorpromazine 15
adverse effects 48
breastfeeding 567
epilepsy 634
equivalent doses 26, 26, 27
first episode psychosis 31
HIV infection 598
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 45, 46
NICE guidance 60
overdose 661
pregnancy 545
renal impairment 579
sexual adverse effects 139
smoking status and 688
weight gain risk 90
cholesterol, blood 117, 118, 667
cholinesterase inhibitors see acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
chronic kidney disease 577-8
see also renal impairment
cigarette smoking see smoking, cigarette
cimetidine, with clozapine 149
Circadin 402, 404
citalopram 235
adverse effects 332
anxiety disorders 334-5
breastfeeding 561
cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313
children and adolescents
anxiety disorders 371
autism spectrum disorders 391
depression 356
obsessive compulsive disorder 374
PTSD 380, 381
dementia 522-3
elderly 480
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 591
HIV infection 599
intravenous 290, 291
minimum effective dose 250
post-stroke depression 276
refractory depression 255, 255
renal impairment 578, 581
switching from 296
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar) 413, 414
Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale 431, 435
clomethiazole (chlormethiazole), renal impairment 585
clomifene, tic disorders 399
clomipramine 238
adverse effects 332
anxiety disorders 334-5
childhood obsessive compulsive disorder 374, 375, 376
discontinuation 285
elderly 480
epilepsy 633
intravenous 291, 292
pregnancy 546-7
rectal 292, 294
refractory depression 263
renal impairment 581
switching to/from 297-301
clonazepam
acute mania/hypomania 212
akathisia 88
autism spectrum disorders 393
children and adolescents 371
diazepam equivalent dose 347
elderly 484
panic disorder 335
renal impairment 585
tardive dyskinesia 98
clonidine
ADHD 385
akathisia 88
autism spectrum disorders 392, 393
clozapine-related hypersalivation 174
PTSD in young people 380, 381
tic disorders 398
Clopixol see zuclopenthixol
clozapine 147-87
acute mania 213
adverse effects 48, 165-85
common 165-6, 165-7
community-based patients 161, 163-4
serious haematological and cardiovascular 170-3
uncommon or unusual 168, 168-9
see also specific adverse effects
alternatives to 153-5, 153-8
augmentation 37, 38, 42, 60, 92, 149, 150
bipolar affective disorder 208
blood lipids and 118, 119
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 566
caffeine interaction 692
catatonia 106, 107
chemotherapy and 186-7
children and adolescents 367, 408
classification as atypical 15
community-based patients 160-4
adverse effects 161, 163-4
initiation guidelines 160-4, 162-3
monitoring 160, 161, 163
switching from other antipsychotics 161-3
diabetes association 121-2
dosing 147-8
maximum licensed dose 24
re-titration, after break in treatment 159, 159
starting regimen 147, 147-8
target 149
titration in community 161, 162-3
—an intentional page break (original page number 723)—
clozapine (cont'd)
ECT seizure threshold and 270
elderly 481
epilepsy 633
first episode psychosis 31, 49 hepatic impairment 592
HIV infection 598, 601, 602
hypertension association 128-9, 165
learning disabilities 622
lithium combinations 181-5,
183, 190
monitoring physical health 45, 46, 161, 163
NICE guidance 59, 60
optimising treatment 149-52
overdose 660
Parkinson's disease 530
plasma levels 3, 4-5, 148
acting on results 11, 12-13
optimising treatment 149
response threshold 4, 149
pneumonia risk 143, 168
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
pregnancy 544, 545
prescribing 20
relapsed schizophrenia 50
relative efficacy 17, 18
renal impairment 579
sexual adverse effects 139
smoking status and 688
switching to 62, 85, 161-3
tardive dyskinesia and 97
tic disorders 399
treatment-resistant schizophrenia 51
unlicensed use 675
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
vs high-doses of other
antipsychotics 28, 29
for water intoxication 131
weight gain risk 90
clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility (CIGH) 12, 165, 177-80
acute, management 178
clozapine re-challenge after severe 178-9
prevention and simple management 177-8
risk factors 177
cocaine 463-4, 470
co-existing alcohol dependence 424
drug interactions 473-4
post-mortem blood concentrations 13, 14
vaccines 463-4
withdrawal 463
Cockcroft and Gault equation 576
cocoa 500
codeine 512
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
anxiety disorders 335
children and adolescents
anxiety disorders 369
depression 355, 357, 358
obsessive compulsive disorder 374, 375
PTSD 382
depression in multiple sclerosis 534
refractory schizophrenia 153
cognitive enhancers see anti-dementia drugs
cognitive impairment
delirium 625, 626
HIV infection 599
mild see mild cognitive impairment
multiple sclerosis 535
non-psychotropics causing 651
see also dementia
colitis, clozapine-induced 168
complementary therapies (CTs) 695-9, 696-7
dementia 518
Parkinson's disease 531
compliance see adherence, medication
compliance aids 703-4
compliance therapy, schizophrenia 703
concentration problems, non-psychotropics causing 651
Concerta XL 388
see also methylphenidate
confusion
non-psychotropics causing 652
post-ECT 270
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) 625
consent, capacity to give 621
constipation, clozapine-induced see clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility
contingency management, drug misuse 447, 452, 463
contraception, bipolar illness 200, 205
conversion disorder stupor 105, 107
covert administration of medicines 479, 714-16
COX-2 inhibitors
lithium and 195
schizophrenia 42
C-reactive protein 667
creatine (phospho)kinase 46, 102, 667
creatinine, plasma 667
creatinine clearance (CrCl) 576
CUtLASS trial 17, 52, 86, 138
cyclizine, dementia patients 509, 513
d-cycloserine
anxiety disorders 372
PTSD prevention 382
refractory depression 262
cyproheptadine
anorexia nervosa 608
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88
sexual dysfunction 138, 140
unlicensed use 675
cyproterone, tic disorders 399
cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes
alcohol interactions 679, 679, 680
anticonvulsant drug interactions 635
antidepressant drug interactions 234, 303, 304-5
caffeine interactions 690, 692
HIV drug interactions 601-4
psychotropic drug interactions 646, 647-9
St John's wort interactions 247
darifenacin 507, 509, 510
darunavir 601
delirium 625-31
clozapine-induced 168
drugs used to treat 627-9
HIV infection 598
non-psychotropics causing 651-2
delirium tremens (DTs) 412, 412, 418
demeclocycline 131
dementia 487-528
anticholinergic drug use 507-9, 508, 510
cognitive enhancers see anti-dementia drugs
cognitive side-effects of drugs 507-17, 514-15
covert administration of medication 479, 715
driving regulations 706, 709
HIV-related 599
Huntington's disease 539
NICE guidance 495, 497, 521
non-cognitive symptoms 517-28
analgesics 517
antidepressants 522-3
antipsychotics 518-21
benzodiazepines 522
cognitive enhancers 521
miscellaneous agents 524
mood stabilisers/ anticonvulsants 523
non-drug measures 518
other treatments 498-501
Parkinson's disease 487, 529, 531
vascular 501-2
see also Alzheimer's disease; mild cognitive impairment
dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) 502, 521, 531
dependence syndrome 409-10
depot antipsychotics see long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics
—an intentional page break (original page number 724)—
depression 231-333
alcohol dependence and 425-6
anticonvulsant-associated 632-5
atrial fibrillation and 657
benzodiazepines 343-4
bipolar 216-22
carbamazepine 203, 218
children and adolescents 363, 365
lithium 190, 217, 219
meta-analysis 219
psychostimulants 273
treatment 216-22, 217-18
valproate 198, 217
caffeine consumption 693
carbamazepine 203
children and adolescents 355-61, 359
chronic kidney disease 578
dementia and 522
diabetes and 321-3
driving regulations 708
elderly 279-82, 480-1
antidepressant prophylaxis 288
psychostimulants 274
epilepsy 632
first episode 287
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 539
lithium 190, 288
multiple sclerosis 533, 534
nicotine use 685
non-psychotropics causing 652
Parkinson's disease 529, 529
post-partum 545-8
post-stroke 274, 276-8
pregnancy 545-8, 549
prescribing principles 231
psychostimulants 272-5, 273-4
psychotic 266-8
rating scales 253
recurrent 287, 287-8
refractory (resistant) 255, 255-65, 265
1st choice treatment 256-9, 257
2nd choice treatment 260, 260-1
children and adolescents 358
other treatments 262-3, 262-4
psychostimulants 273
secondary to medical illness 274
sexual dysfunction 324
St John's wort 246-9
treatment 231-82
algorithm 252-3
effectiveness 233
NICE guidelines 232, 288
see also antidepressants
desipramine
multiple sclerosis 534
pregnancy 547
desmopressin 130, 166
desvenlafaxine
cardiotoxicity 309
elderly 480
hepatic impairment 594
hyponatraemia 316
overdose 660
renal impairment 581
switching to/from 299-301
dexamethasone, refractory depression 262
dexamfetamine
ADHD 384-5, 388
cocaine dependence 463
depression 273, 274
misuse 464
Dexedrine see dexamfetamine
dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta) 534
diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, lithium-induced 191
diabetes mellitus
antipsychotic-associated 121-7
depression/antidepressants and 321, 321-3
monitoring 123, 123-4
nicotine replacement therapy 458
schizophrenia association 121
diagnostic overshadowing 621
diamorphine see heroin
diazepam akathisia 88
alcohol interaction 682
alcohol withdrawal 415, 418
delirium 628
elderly 484
emulsion (Diazemuls) 344
GBL and GHB withdrawal 467, 467, 468
HIV drug interactions 601, 602
Huntington's disease 539
paediatric rapid
tranquillisation 406
renal impairment 585
stupor 106
switching to 347, 347
tardive dyskinesia 98
tolerance test 346
didanosine 603
DiGeorge syndrome 643-5
digoxin 247, 513
dihydrocodeine, opioid dependence 444
dimebon, Alzheimer's disease 499
diphenhydramine, akathisia 85, 89
diphenylbutylpiperidines 15
Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms (DESS) scale 283
disinhibition, benzodiazepines and 350-2
disintegrative disorder, childhood 390
disorientation, non-psychotropics causing 652
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) 365
disulfiram (Antabuse)
alcohol dependence 422-3, 423
cocaine dependence 463
diuretics, lithium interactions 194, 194-5
divalproex see valproate
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), schizophrenia 54
docusate 178
dolutegravir 604
domperidone, dementia patients 509-11
donepezil 488-9
adverse effects 493-4
Alzheimer's disease 487-90
delirium 628
drug interactions 494-5, 496
efficacy 489-90
Huntington's disease 539
mechanism of action 487
multiple sclerosis 535
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521
refractory schizophrenia 153
renal impairment 586
schizophrenia 42
switching to/from 491-2
tardive dyskinesia 98
tolerability 492
vascular dementia 501-2
dosulepin (dothiepin) 238
adverse effects 332
depression prophylaxis 288
elderly 279
epilepsy 633
renal impairment 581
dothiepin see dosulepin
doxepin 238
adverse effects 332
nanoemulsion (transdermal) 291, 293
rectal 292, 294
renal impairment 581
dreams, drug-induced 651
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) 706, 707-12
driving 706-13
DVLA regulations 706, 708-11, 711-12
effects of mental illness 706
effects of psychotropics 706-11, 707
epilepsy and 635
GMC guidance 712
medication-induced sedation 711
dronabinol, anorexia nervosa 607
drooling see hypersalivation
droperidol, rapid tranquillisation 611
Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) 701
—an intentional page break (original page number 725)—
drug misuse/dependence 463-75, 470-1
alcohol dependence with 424-5
benzodiazepines 466
driving regulations 706, 711
GBL and GHB 467-8
NICE guidance 451-3
non-psychotropic medications 653
polysubstance abuse 464
psychotropic drug
interactions 472-5, 473-4
stimulant drugs 463-5
urine testing 469 see also opioid dependence; 'street drugs'
dual diagnosis 409, 469, 621
duloxetine 242
adverse effects 234, 332
anxiety disorders 334
breastfeeding 561
cardiotoxicity 308
eating disorders 609
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 279, 281, 480
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 593
hyponatraemia 316
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 659
Parkinson's disease 529
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 548
renal impairment 581
sexual adverse effects 325, 326
smoking status and 688
switching to/from 299-301
dyslipidaemia
antipsychotic-related 117-20
pseudohyponatraemia 130
screening 45, 118, 119
treatment 118-19, 144
see also lipids, blood
dysthymia, effectiveness of antidepressants 233
dystonia
acute, after rapid tranquillisation 615
antipsychotic-induced 84-5
early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum (EOSS) disorder 367
eating disorders 607-10
atypical 609
Ebstein's anomaly 549
ECG see electrocardiography
e-cigarettes 459-60, 684
ecstasy 473-4
ECT see electroconvulsive therapy
efavirenz 603
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
refractory depression 263
schizophrenia 54, 150
ejaculatory disorders 137, 138, 139
elderly 477-86
administering medicines in foodstuffs 479
alcohol dependence 424
anticholinergic drugs 507-12, 508
antipsychotics and pneumonia 143
cognitive side-effects of drugs 50715, 514-15
depression 279-82, 280-1, 480-1
antidepressant prophylaxis 288
post-stroke 276
psychostimulants 274
drug interactions 478-9
hypnotic agents 484-5
hyponatraemia risk 316
pharmacodynamic changes 477
pharmacokinetic changes 478
prescribing principles 477-8
psychotropic drug doses 480-5
reducing drug-related risk 479
renal impairment 577
see also dementia
electrocardiography (ECG)
antidepressant-treated patients 312, 313
antipsychotic-treated patients 46, 59, 110-16
bipolar affective disorder 229
methadone-treated patients 438, 438-9
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
antidepressant prophylaxis after 288
catatonia 106, 107
child and adolescent depression 357
epilepsy 632
Huntington's disease 539
multiple sclerosis 534
Parkinson's disease 529, 530
pregnancy 548
psychotic depression 267
psychotropics and 269-70, 269-71
refractory depression 257
refractory schizophrenia 154
electroencephalography (EEG) 46
electrolyte disturbances
alcohol-related 681
anorexia nervosa 608
Elvanse see lisdexamfetamine
elvitegravir 604
emtricitabine 603
energy drinks 691
enfuvirtide 604
eosinophilia, clozapine-induced 168
eosinophils 670
epilepsy 632-6
antidepressant/antipsychotic use 632, 633-4
depression and psychosis 632
driving 635
learning disability 621-3
pregnancy 551-2, 552
see also anticonvulsants; seizures
EPS see extrapyramidal side-effects
Equasym see methylphenidate
Equasym XL 388
erectile dysfunction 137, 138, 140
erythrocytes 670
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 670
escitalopram 235
adverse effects 332
breastfeeding 562
cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313
children and adolescents 408
autism spectrum disorders 391
depression 356
obsessive compulsive disorder 374
elderly 480
HIV infection 599
hyponatraemia 316
intravenous 290, 291
minimum effective dose 250
placebo response 676
post-stroke depression 276
renal impairment 582
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 576
eszopiclone, renal impairment 585
ethanol see alcohol
etravirine 603
EUFEST study 41
euphoria
multiple sclerosis 534-5
non-psychotropics causing 653
EVP-6124: 58
extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) 84-5, 84-7
antipsychotic classification and 15-16
first vs second-generation antipsychotics 17, 52
never-medicated schizophrenia 86
switching antipsychotics 144
treatment 85
see also akathisia; dystonia; tardive dyskinesia
famotidine 93, 154
Fatal Toxicity Index (FTI) 312-13
fatigue
depression with 273
HIV-associated 274
multiple sclerosis 535-6
non-psychotropics causing 652
fentanyl patches, older people 512
ferritin, serum 667
fesoterodine 509, 510
fever, clozapine-induced 161, 166
—an intentional page break (original page number 726)—
fibre, dietary 177-8
first episode psychosis 31, 49
first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) 15
adverse effects 17, 86
bipolar affective disorder 208, 225
children and adolescents 367
delirium 627
dementia 518
diabetes risk 121
dyslipidaemia and 117
elderly 481-3
equivalent doses 26, 26
Huntington's disease 538
long-acting injectable 66, 67, 67-8
maximum licensed doses 24
minimum effective doses 22
negative symptoms 41
place in therapy 52-3
pregnancy 543-4, 545
relative efficacy 17
renal impairment 578, 579-80
sexual adverse effects 138, 139
tic disorders 398
fish oils see omega-3
fatty acids fluid restriction, hyponatraemia 131, 317
flumazenil 344
guidelines for use 614
rapid tranquillisation and 615
flunitrazepam, disinhibitory reactions 350
fluoxetine 235
adverse effects 332
antidepressant discontinuation and 285
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
anxiety disorders 334, 335
bipolar depression 216, 217, 219
breastfeeding 562
cardiotoxicity 308, 312
children and adolescents 408
anxiety 370, 371
autism spectrum disorders 391, 394, 395
depression 355-6, 357, 358
obsessive compulsive disorder 374, 375
discontinuation 284
drug interactions 635
eating disorders 608, 609
elderly 480
hepatic impairment 593
minimum effective dose 250
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 547, 549
psychotic depression 266
refractory depression 257
renal impairment 582
sublingual 290, 291
switching to/from 297-301
unlicensed use 675
flupentixol 15
adverse effects 48
breastfeeding 568
depot (flupentixol decanoate) 67, 68
dose reduction 72
elderly 482
equivalent dose 26
maximum licensed dose 24
pharmacokinetics 70
equivalent dose 26
hepatic impairment 592
maximum licensed dose 24
pregnancy 544
renal impairment 579
sexual adverse effects 139
fluphenazine
adverse effects 15, 48
depot (fluphenazine decanoate) 67
elderly 483
equivalent dose 26
maximum licensed dose 24
pharmacokinetics 70
equivalent dose 26
Huntington's disease 538
inadequate response 62
renal impairment 579
smoking status and 688
flurazepam, HIV drug interactions 601, 602
flutamide, Tourette's syndrome 399
fluvoxamine 236
adverse effects 332
breastfeeding 562
cardiotoxicity 308
children and adolescents
anxiety disorders 370, 371
autism spectrum disorders 391
obsessive compulsive disorder 374
with clozapine 149
minimum effective dose 250
renal impairment 582
smoking status and 688
switching to/from 297-301
tardive dyskinesia 98
folic acid supplements 695
Alzheimer's disease 498
anticonvulsant-treated pregnant women 550, 552
schizophrenic negative symptoms 41
valproate-treated women 200
food, covert administration of medicines in 479, 714-16
fosamprenavir 601
full blood count (FBC), monitoring 45, 228
gabapentin
acute mania 213
alcohol dependence 423
bipolar depression 218
dementia 523
HIV infection 599
tardive dyskinesia 98
galactorrhoea 133, 138
galantamine 488-9
adverse effects 493-4
Alzheimer's disease 487-9, 490
drug interactions 494-5, 496
efficacy 490
mechanism of action 487
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521
renal impairment 586
schizophrenia 42
tolerability 492
vascular dementia 501-2
γ-butaryl-lactone (GBL) 467, 467-8, 470
γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) 467, 467-8, 470
gamma-glutamyl transferase 667
gastrointestinal bleeding
NSAID-related 512
SSRI-related 234, 279, 328-31, 329
gastrointestinal drugs, dementia patients 509-11, 514
gastrointestinal hypomotility, clozapine-induced see clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), clozapine-induced 166
GBL (γ-butaryl-lactone) 467, 467-8, 470
generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) 337-8
NICE guidance 339
pregabalin 335
SSRIs/SNRIs 334
valproate 198
General Medical Council (GMC), driving guidelines 712
GHB (γ-hydroxybutyrate) 467, 467-8, 470
Ginkgo biloba
dementia 498, 524
drug interactions 695
schizophrenia 42, 150, 154
tardive dyskinesia 85, 98
ginseng
Alzheimer's disease 499
drug interactions 695
multiple sclerosis 536
Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale (GASS) 17, 20
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 576
—an intentional page break (original page number 727)—
glucose, blood
antidepressant drug effects 321
fasting plasma (FPG) 123, 123-4
monitoring
antipsychotic-treated patients 45, 123, 123-4
bipolar affective disorder 228
psychotropic drug effects 668
random plasma (RPG) 124
see also hyperglycaemia; impaired glucose tolerance
glycine, schizophrenia 41-2, 154
glycopyrrolate, clozapine-related hypersalivation 175
granisetron
dementia patients 511
schizophrenia 42
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 184, 186
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 182
guanfacine 175
ADHD 385
autism spectrum disorders 392
PTSD in young people 380, 381
tic disorders 398
H2 antagonists
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
dementia patients 515
haematological side-effects
clozapine 170-3
psychotropic drugs 665, 670-2
haemoglobin
glycosylated (HbA1c) 124, 668
psychotropics affecting 670
hallucinations
alcohol withdrawal 418
non-psychotropics causing 652, 654
Parkinson's disease 530
haloperidol 15
acute mania/hypomania 212
adverse effects 48
alcohol withdrawal 418
bipolar affective disorder 226
breastfeeding 566
children and adolescents 408
costs 213
delirium 626-30, 627
dementia 519
depot (haloperidol decanoate) 67, 67
dose reduction 72
elderly 483
equivalent dose 26
maximum licensed dose 24
pharmacokinetics 70
vs paliperidone palmitate 52, 77-8
diabetes risk 121
elderly 482
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 26
hepatic impairment 592
HIV infection 598, 602
Huntington's disease 538, 539
learning disabilities 622
overdose 660
pneumonia risk 143
pregnancy 544, 545
rapid tranquillisation 611-12, 613-14
children and adolescents 406
renal impairment 578, 579
schizophrenia
combination therapy 37, 150
dose-response effects 33, 61
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 46
negative symptoms 41
refractory 155
relative efficacy 17
therapeutic index 52
sexual adverse effects 139
smoking status and 689
tic disorders 398
weight gain risk 90
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) 253
heart failure, clozapine-treated patients 170-1
heart rate, effects of antidepressants 308-9
heat stroke, clozapine-induced 168
hepatic failure, clozapine-induced 168
hepatic impairment 590-7
alcohol dependence 417, 682
antidepressants 591, 593-4
antipsychotics 591, 592-3
drug-induced 591-6
methadone dosing 436
mood stabilisers 594
nicotine replacement therapy 458
prescribing principles 590-1
recommended agents 591
stimulants 595
see also liver disease
hepatitis B and C 472
hepatotoxicity, drug-induced 595-6
herbal medicines 695-8, 696
Alzheimer's disease 499-500
drug interactions 695
hyperprolactinaemia 134
see also Ginkgo biloba; St John's wort
heroin (diamorphine) 471
buprenorphine substitution 439-44
dependence see opioid dependence
detoxification 444-5
drug interactions 473-4
injectable maintenance prescribing 444
methadone substitution 433-9
withdrawal 431
high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 117, 668
hirudin, Alzheimer's disease 499
HIV infection/AIDS 598-606
adverse psychiatric effects of antiretrovirals 604, 605
drug misusers 472
neurocognitive disorders 599
pharmacodynamic drug interactions 604, 606
pharmacokinetic drug interactions 600, 601-4
psychostimulants in depression 274
psychotropic prescribing 598-600
homeopathy 696
Huntington's disease 538-9, 538-40
huperzine A, Alzheimer's disease 499-500
9-hydroxyrisperidone see paliperidone
hydroxyzine 343, 513
hyoscine (scopolamine)
clozapine-induced hypersalivation 165, 175
cognitive effects in dementia 511
depression 262, 293
hypercalcaemia, lithium-induced 191
hyperemesis gravidarum 543-4, 553
hyperforin 247
hyperglycaemia
antipsychotic-induced 121-3
pseudohyponatraemia 130
see also diabetes mellitus
hypericins 246
Hypericum perforatum see St John's wort
hyperlipidaemia see dyslipidaemia
hyperparathyroidism, lithium-induced 191
hyperprolactinaemia
antidepressants and 319, 319-20
antipsychotic-induced 48, 52, 133-6
antipsychotics not causing 133, 133
monitoring 46, 133-4
sexual dysfunction and 133, 138
switching antipsychotics 144
treatment 134
hypersalivation
anticholinergics for, dementia patients 512, 514
clozapine-induced 165, 174-5, 174-6
hypersomnia, depression with 273
hypertension
antipsychotics and 128-9
clozapine-induced 165
hypertensive crisis, MAOI-induced 234
hypertriglyceridaemia 117, 118
—an intentional page break (original page number 728)—
hypnotics
benzodiazepine 343
biochemical side-effects 666
disinhibitory reactions 350
driving and 707
elderly 484-5
renal impairment 578, 585-6
hypoglycaemia, alcohol-induced 681
hypomania 211-15
children and adolescents 358-9
driving regulations 709
drug treatment 211, 211-15
non-psychotropics causing 653
see also mania
hyponatraemia
antidepressant-induced 234, 279, 316-18
antipsychotic-induced 130-2, 131
other drugs associated with 317
treatment 317
hypotension
antidepressant-induced 332-3
antipsychotic-induced 48, 128
clozapine-induced 147, 161, 165
rapid tranquillisation 615
switching antipsychotics 144
see also postural hypotension
hypothyroidism, lithium-induced 191
Hy's rule, hepatotoxicity of new drugs 591
ibuprofen 270
illicit drugs see 'street drugs'
iloperidone
adverse effects 48
bipolar affective disorder 208
blood lipids and 117
breastfeeding 568
elderly 481
equivalent dose 27
hepatic impairment 592
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 102-3
overdose 661
weight gain risk 90
imipramine 239
adverse effects 332
child and adolescent depression 356-7
discontinuation symptoms 284
hepatic impairment 591
pregnancy 547, 549
psychotic depression 266
rectal 292, 294
renal impairment 582
transdermal (nanoemulsion) 291, 293
impaired glucose tolerance
antipsychotic-associated 121-7, 124
switching antipsychotics 144
impulsiveness, autism spectrum disorders 391-2
inattention, autism spectrum disorders 391-2
indinavir 247, 601
indomethacin 512
infants, breastfed 559
inositol, bipolar depression 218
insomnia
melatonin for childhood 402-4, 404
non-psychotropics causing 653
pregnancy 552-3
see also hypnotics
interferon-β therapy 533
international normalised ratio 671
interstitial nephritis, clozapine-induced 168
intoxication, acute see acute intoxication
ipratropium 175
irritability
autism spectrum disorders 392
non-psychotropics causing 653
isocarboxazid 240, 333
isoniazid 515
ITI-007: 56
ketamine
bipolar depression 218
childhood obsessive compulsive disorder 377
depression 293
refractory depression 260
ketanserin, tic disorders 399
ketoconazole, refractory depression 262
Korsakoff's syndrome 419
lability, non-psychotropics causing 653
lactate dehydrogenase 668
lactulose 178
lamivudine 604
lamotrigine
acute mania 213
bipolar affective disorder 223, 226
bipolar depression 216, 217, 219, 363
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 569-70
clozapine augmentation 150
dementia 523
depressant effects 634
eating disorders 609
elderly 484
hepatic impairment 594
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 538
learning disabilities 622
overdose 661
plasma level monitoring 3
pregnancy 550, 552
refractory depression 260
renal impairment 584
schizophrenia 42, 154
latrepirdine, Huntington's disease 539
laughter and crying, pathological (PLC), multiple sclerosis 533-4
laxatives
clozapine-induced constipation 178-9
dementia patients 509, 514
learning disabilities (LD) 621-4
assessment of care environments 623
capacity and consent 621
driving regulations 709
medications used 622-3
physical co-morbidity 621-3
psychological interventions 623
sensitivity to side-effects 623
lethargy, non-psychotropics causing 651, 652
leucopenia, psychotropics causing 671
levetiracetam
acute mania 213
bipolar affective disorder 223
Huntington's disease 538
tardive dyskinesia 98
tic disorders 399
levomepromazine, maximum licensed dose 24
levothyroxine see thyroxine
Lewy body dementia 502, 521, 531
libido (sexual desire) 137
reduced 138, 324
licensed medicines, unlicensed use see off-label prescribing
lipids, blood
antipsychotic drug effects 117-18
monitoring 45, 228
see also dyslipidaemia
lipoproteins, plasma 668
lisdexamfetamine
ADHD 385, 388
depression 273
lithium 189-96
acute mania/hypomania 189, 211, 213
adverse effects 191
alcohol dependence 426, 682
augmentation of antidepressants 190
autism spectrum disorders 393
bipolar affective disorder 189-96, 225, 226
bipolar depression 190, 217, 219
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 570
caffeine interaction 692
cannabis interaction 474
children and adolescents 363, 364, 408
—an intentional page break (original page number 729)—
lithium (cont'd)
clozapine combinations 181-5, 183, 190
costs 213
depression 190, 288
discontinuation 193
driving and 707
drug interactions 193-5, 194
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 484
formulations 191
hepatic impairment 594
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 539
for hyponatraemia 131
indications 189-90
learning disabilities 623
mechanism of action 189
multiple sclerosis 534
on-treatment monitoring 192, 193
overdose 661
plasma levels 3, 190-1
pregnancy 549-50, 551
prescribing 192
pre-treatment tests 192, 192
refractory depression 257, 262
renal impairment 191, 584
suicide and 190
surgical patients 640
toxicity 192
women of child-bearing age 192
liver disease
alcohol withdrawal 417
drug-induced 591-6
see also hepatic impairment
liver function tests (LFTs) 590
bipolar affective disorder 228
buprenorphine and 443
drug-induced hepatic toxicity 595-6
liver disease 591
schizophrenia 46
lofepramine 239, 332
adverse effects 332
cardiotoxicity 308, 312, 313
elderly 280, 480
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 659
renal impairment 582
lofexidine
clozapine-induced hypersalivation 175
opioid withdrawal 446
long-acting injection (LAI) antipsychotics (depot antipsychotics) 18, 66-83
bipolar affective disorder 208
differences between 67-8
dose reduction 72-3
doses and frequencies 67
elderly 482-3
epilepsy 634
equivalent doses 26, 27
first episode psychosis 31
intramuscular anticholinergics and 68
maintenance treatment 32
management of patients 72-3
maximum licensed doses 24-5
NICE guidance 60
non-adherent patients 704
pharmacokinetics 70, 70-1
prescribing advice 66
loop diuretics, lithium interaction 194, 194-5
loperamide 509, 514
lopinavir 602
lorazepam
acute mania/hypomania 212
catatonia/stupor 106, 107
children and adolescents 371, 406
delirium 628
diazepam equivalent dose 347
elderly 485
HIV infection 598
rapid tranquillisation 406, 611, 612, 613
renal impairment 585
lormetazepam, diazepam equivalent dose 347
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 117, 668
loxapine
adverse effects 48
diabetes risk 121
epilepsy 634
inhaled 56-7, 611
lubiprostone 179
lurasidone
adverse effects 48
atrial fibrillation 657
bipolar affective disorder 208, 365
bipolar depression 217, 219, 363
blood lipids and 117
breastfeeding 567
children and adolescents 365
elderly 481
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 27
glucose homeostasis and 123
hepatic impairment 592
hyperprolactinaemia and 134
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
overdose 661
renal impairment 579
switching to 92
weight gain risk 90
LY2140023: 42
lymphocytes 670
maca root 326
mania
acute 211-15
antipsych otics 208, 211, 211- 12, 213
carbamazepine 203, 211
children and adolescents 363, 364, 365
drug costs 213
drug treatment 211, 211-15, 212-13
lithium 189, 211, 213
valproate 197-8, 211, 213
children and adolescents 358-9, 362, 363
driving regulations 709
HIV infection 599
multiple sclerosis 534-5
non-psychotropics causing 653
prophylaxis 190, 198, 203
MAOIs see monoamine oxidase inhibitors
maraviroc 604
Maxepa see omega-3 fatty acids
MDA (3, 4-methylene dioxyamfetamine) 473-4
MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula 576
mean cell haemoglobin 670
mean cell haemoglobin concentration 670
mean cell volume 670
mebeverine 511
mecamylamine, refractory depression 262
medication
adherence see adherence, medication
assessing attitudes to 702
covert administration in food or drink 479, 714-16
paying patients to take 704
refusal, patient rights 701, 714, 715
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
methadone therapy 438
nicotine replacement therapy 458
paediatric use of risperidone 394
SSRIs in children 374-5
varenicline for smoking cessation 461
Medikinet 388
see also methylphenidate
melatonin
autism spectrum disorders 393
benzodiazepine withdrawal 348
childhood insomnia 402-4, 404
delirium 629
drug-induced weight gain 93
elderly 485
tardive dyskinesia 98
unlicensed use 674, 675
see also agomelatine
—an intentional page break (original page number 730)—
memantine 488-9
acute mania 213
adverse effects 494
Alzheimer's disease 487, 489, 490-1
combination therapy 495
dementia with Lewy bodies 502
drug interactions 497
efficacy 489, 490-1
Huntington's disease 539
mechanism of action 487
multiple sclerosis 535
myasthenia gravis 512
NICE guidance 497
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521
Parkinson's disease 531
renal impairment 586
schizophrenia 42, 150, 154
switching to/from 491-2
tolerability 493
vascular dementia 501-2
mental capacity see capacity, mental
Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 714, 715
Mental Health Act (MHA) 712, 714, 715
mental illness
alcohol use disorders 425-7
caffeine consumption 692-3
driving and 706, 708-11
illicit drug use 469
learning disabilities 621
nicotine use 684-5
placebo effect 676-8
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 643-5
see also specific conditions
metformin 92, 93
methadone 433-9, 471
analgesia for patients on 437-8
buprenorphine vs 431, 432
cautions 436
clinical effectiveness 433
detoxification regimens 445, 446, 448
drug interactions 205, 473-4
HIV drug interactions 602
NICE guidance 451
overdose 436-7, 662
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
pregnancy and breastfeeding 449-50
prescribing 433-6
QT prolongation/ECG monitoring 438, 438-9
stabilisation in community 436
surgical patients 640
transfer to buprenorphine from 441, 441-2, 443
methylcellulose 93
methyldopa, velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
methylphenidate
ADHD 384, 384, 386, 388
autism spectrum disorders 391-2
depression 272, 273-4
driving and 707
hepatic impairment 595
pregnancy 554
psychotic depression 267
refractory depression 263
unlicensed use 675
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 645
metoclopramide
adverse effects 89, 97
alcohol withdrawal 420
dementia patients 509
tic disorders 399
metyrosine, velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
MHRA see Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
mianserin 242
adverse effects 332
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88
breastfeeding 562
overdose 660
post-stroke depression 276
refractory depression 257
refractory schizophrenia 154
schizophrenia 42
midazolam
akathisia 89
HIV drug interactions 601, 602, 603
rapid tranquillisation 611, 612, 613
children and adolescents 406
mifepristone 218, 267
mild cognitive impairment (MCI) 502
anti-dementia drugs 493, 502
vitamin supplements 498
mineral supplements, anorexia nervosa 607
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) 487
minocycline
psychotic depression 267
schizophrenia 42, 153, 154
mirtazapine 242
adverse effects 332
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88
breastfeeding 563
cardiotoxicity 307, 308, 312-13
children and adolescents
anxiety disorders 371, 371
depression 357
diabetes and 321
discontinuation symptoms 283
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 279, 281, 480
epilepsy 632, 633
hepatic impairment 593
HIV infection 599
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
hyponatraemia 316
intravenous 291, 292
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 660
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 548
refractory depression 256, 257
renal impairment 582
schizophrenia 42, 154
sexual adverse effects 325
smoking status and 689
switching to/from 296, 297-301
moclobemide 241
adverse effects 333
breastfeeding 563
cardiotoxicity 309, 312, 313
clozapine-related hypersalivation 175
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 593
minimum effective dose 250
multiple sclerosis 534
overdose 660
pregnancy 548
renal impairment 582
switching to/from 297-301
modafinil
ADHD 385
bipolar depression 218
cocaine dependence 463
depression 272, 273, 274
multiple sclerosis 535-6
overdose 662
refractory depression 262
schizophrenia 42
surgical patients 640
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula 576
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 240-1
adverse effects 234, 333
alcohol interactions 682
breastfeeding 562
caffeine interaction 692
cardiotoxicity 308
depression 234, 240-1
diabetes and 321
discontinuation symptoms 284, 284-5
drug interactions 305
ECT seizure threshold and 269
hepatic impairment 593
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 539
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
hyponatraemia 316
overdose 659
pregnancy 548
refractory depression 262
sexual adverse effects 325
surgical patients 637, 638
switching to/from 297-301
—an intentional page break (original page number 731)—
monocytes 670
Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 253
mood changes, non-psychotropics causing 653
mood disorders see affective disorders
mood stabilisers
acute mania/hypomania 211, 211-12
alcohol misusers 682
atrial fibrillation 657
autism spectrum disorders 393
biochemical side-effects 667
bipolar illness 189-207
antipsychotic combinations 208
children and adolescents 362-3, 364, 408
prophylaxis 225-6
rapid-cycling 223
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 560, 569-70
dementia 523
drug costs 213
elderly 484
hepatic impairment 591, 594
HIV infection 599
multiple sclerosis 534-5
overdose 661
pregnancy 549-50, 551, 553
PTSD 381
renal impairment 578, 584
see also anticonvulsants; carbamazepine; lithium; valproate
morphine
older people 512-13
PTSD prevention 382
slow release oral (SROM), opioid dependence 444
movement disorders, nicotine use 685
multiple sclerosis (MS) 533-7
multivitamins see vitamin supplements ;
music therapy 518
myasthenia gravis, dementia patients 512, 514
myocardial infarction (MI) ;
antidepressant prescribing after 307, 308-9, 312
protective effects of SSRIs 329
myocarditis, clozapine-induced 161, 163-4, 170-2, 171
nabilone, Huntington's disease 538
N-acetylcysteine, refractory schizophrenia 154
nalmefene 422
naloxone
buprenorphine overdose 443
methadone overdose 436-7
opioid overdose 450, 451
take-home 450
naloxone/buprenorphine (Suboxone) 431, 444
naltrexone
alcohol dependence 421-2, 422, 426-7
amfetamine misuse 464
analgesia for patients on 437
anorexia nervosa 608
learning disabilities 623
NICE guidance 452
opioid dependence 447-9, 448
tardive dyskinesia 98
unlicensed use 675
naproxen 512
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
ADHD 384
adherence to medication 701, 702, 704
alcohol dependence/harmful drinking 411, 421, 422
anxiety spectrum disorders 334, 339
benzodiazepines 343, 344
bipolar affective disorder 190, 198, 203
acute mania/hypomania 212
prophylaxis 225-6
rapid-cycling illness 223
bipolar depression 216
borderline personality disorder 618, 619
carbamazepine 203, 205
child and adolescent anxiety disorders 369
child and adolescent depression 355
dementia 495, 497, 521
depression 232, 288
lipid-lowering guidance 118-19
lithium 190, 193
obsessive compulsive disorder 339, 375, 377
opioid dependence 431, 445, 447, 451-3
psychotic depression 266
PTSD in young people 379
schizophrenia 16-17, 59-60
smoking cessation 456-7
substance misuse 451-3
valproate 198, 199, 200
nausea/vomiting
antidepressant-induced 332-3
clozapine-induced 166
nemifitide, refractory depression 262
neonates
antidepressant withdrawal effects 547, 549
antipsychotic discontinuation symptoms 544-5, 545
drug exposure in breastfed 559
opioid withdrawal syndrome 449
see also breastfeeding
neostigmine 178, 512
nervousness, non-psychotropics causing 653
'neuroleptic equivalents' 26
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) 46, 102, 102-4
vs catatonic stupor 106, 108
neuroleptics see antipsychotics
neutropenia
benign ethnic 181
chemotherapy-associated 186
clozapine-induced 166, 168, 181-5
psychotropics causing 671
see also agranulocytosis
neutrophils 670-1
nevirapine 603
NICE see National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
nicotine 456-62
drug interactions 462, 685-6, 688-9, 688-9
psychotropic effects 684
withdrawal symptoms 686
nicotine dependence 684-9
alcohol dependence with 425
NICE guidance 456-7
tic disorders 399
see also smoking, cigarette; smoking cessation
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) 457-60
drug interactions 458
e-cigarettes 459-60
NICE guidance 456-7
preparations and dose 458-9
nicotinic alpha-7 receptor partial agonists 58
nimodipine, bipolar affective disorder 223
nitrazepam
diazepam equivalent dose 347
renal impairment 585
nizatidine 93
NMS see neuroleptic malignant syndrome
nocebo effect 676
nocturnal enuresis, clozapine-induced 166
non-adherence see adherence
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603
non-psychotropics , psychiatric side-effects 650-5, 651-4
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
dementia 512
lithium interactions 194, 195
SSRI combination 328
norclozapine 5, 149
nortriptyline 239
adverse effects 332
cardiotoxicity 312, 313
—an intentional page break (original page number 732)—
children and adolescents 356-7
ECT and 270
plasma level monitoring 3
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 547
refractory depression 262
renal impairment 582
transdermal patches 291, 293
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603-4
nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603-4
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 335, 337-8
children and adolescents 374-8, 376
NICE guidance 339, 375, 377
non-psychotropics causing 653
ocular pigmentation, clozapine-induced 168
oculogyric spasm (crisis) 84, 615
oestrogens
anorexia nervosa 608
carbamazepine interaction 205
refractory depression 262
off-label prescribing 673-5
examples of acceptable 674, 675
paediatric practice 353, 375
Royal College consensus statement 673-4, 674
olanzapine
acute mania/hypomania 212
adverse effects 48
anorexia nervosa 607, 608
bipolar affective disorder 198, 208, 223, 225, 226
blood lipids and 117-18, 119
breastfeeding 567
catatonia 106
children and adolescents 408
bipolar affective disorder 364, 365
psychosis 367
rapid tranquillisation 406
costs 213
delirium 627
dementia 518-19, 520, 521
depression
bipolar 216, 217, 219
psychotic 266
refractory 257
diabetes association 122
elderly 482
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 27
first episode psychosis 31
hepatic impairment 592
HIV infection 598
Huntington's disease 538
learning disabilities 622
long-acting injection (LAI) (mainly pamoate) 68, 75-6
dosing schedules 67, 75
pharmacokinetics 70
post-injection syndrome 75-6
switching to 75
monitoring physical health 45
multiple sclerosis 535
overdose 661
Parkinson's disease 530
plasma levels 3, 5-6, 62
pneumonia risk 143
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
pregnancy 544, 545
prolactin plasma levels and 133
rapid tranquillisation 611, 612, 613
renal impairment 578, 579
schizophrenia
clozapine augmentation 150
dose-response effects 28, 61
high-dose 28, 61
maintenance treatment 32, 33
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
negative symptoms 41
place in therapy 51, 52
prescribing 20
refractory 153, 154
relative efficacy 17, 18
switching to 63, 88
sexual adverse effects 139
smoking status and 689
street drug intoxication 472
tardive dyskinesia and 97
tic disorders 399
for water intoxication 131
weight gain risk 90
Omacor see omega-3 fatty acids
omega-3 fatty acids (fish oils)
Alzheimer's disease 499
bipolar depression 218
child and adolescent depression 357
clozapine augmentation 150
depression in pregnancy 548
elderly with depression 279
refractory depression 263
schizophrenia 54-5, 155
tardive dyskinesia 98
OMS643762: 57
ondansetron
refractory schizophrenia 153
schizophrenia 42, 155
tardive dyskinesia 98
tic disorders 399
opioid(s)
overdose 450, 451
use in older people 512-13
withdrawal 431
withdrawal scales 431, 435
opioid dependence 429-55
alcohol dependence with 425
alternative oral opioids 444
buprenorphine substitution 439-44
buprenorphine vs methadone 431, 432
cocaine dependence with 464
detoxification and reduction regimens 444-6, 446, 452
driving regulations 711
evaluation 430, 430-1
injectable maintenance opioids 444
methadone substitution 433-9
NICE guidelines 431, 445, 447, 451-3
pain management 437-8, 443
pregnancy and 432, 449-50
relapse prevention 447-9
substitute prescribing 429-30, 431-44
treatment aims 429
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 123, 123-4
Org 25935: 57
orgasm 137
disorders 139, 324
orlistat 93, 179
orthostatic hypotension see postural hypotension
osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa 608
over activity, autism spectrum disorders 391-2
overdose, psychotropic drug 659-62, 659-64
oxazepam
alcohol withdrawal 417
diazepam equivalent dose 347
renal impairment 585
oxcarbazepine
acute mania 213
child and adolescent bipolar illness 364
dementia 523
oxybutynin
clozapine-induced hypersalivation 175
cognitive effects in dementia 507, 509, 510
oxycodone, older people 513
oxytocin, autism spectrum disorders 391
Pabrinex 419
packed cell volume 671
Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) 399
paediatric patients see children and adolescents
pain management
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 517
opioid-dependent patients 437-8, 443
—an intentional page break (original page number 733)—
paliperidone
adverse effects 48
breastfeeding 567
hepatic impairment 592
maximum licensed dose 24
monitoring physical health 46
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103
overdose 661
palmitate long-acting injection (LAI) 68, 77-9
dose equivalents 27, 77
dosing schedule 67, 77
elderly 483
maximum licensed dose 25
pharmacokinetics 70
switching to 78
vs haloperidol decanoate 52, 77-8
plasma level monitoring 3, 7
renal impairment 580
weight gain risk 90
pancreatitis, clozapine-induced 168
PANDAS 399
panic disorder 334-5, 337-8
NICE guidance 334, 339
non-psychotropics causing 653
paracetamol, dementia patients 512, 517
parkinsonism
antipsychotic-induced 48, 84-5
never-medicated schizophrenia 86
see also extrapyramidal side-effects
Parkinson's disease 529-32
anti-dementia drugs 502
dementia 487, 529, 531
depression 529, 529
nicotine use 685
psychosis 530, 530-1
parotid gland swelling, clozapine-induced 168
paroxetine 236
adverse effects 234, 332
alcohol dependence 426
anxiety disorders 335
breastfeeding 563
cardiotoxicity 309
children and adolescents
anxiety 370, 371
depression 356
obsessive compulsive disorder 374
discontinuation symptoms 284, 284
drug interactions 635
hepatic impairment 591
minimum effective dose 250
multiple sclerosis 534
pregnancy 547, 549
renal impairment 583
pathological aggression, autism spectrum disorders 393
pathological laughter and crying (PLC), multiple sclerosis 533-4
payments, for medication adherence 704
Peony Glycyrrhiza Decoction 134
peppermint oil 511
pergolide, tic disorders 399
pericardial effusions, clozapine-induced 168
pericyazine, maximum licensed dose 24
perphenazine
adverse effects 48
equivalent dose 26
hypertension risk 128
maximum licensed dose 24
personality change, non-psychotropics causing 653
personality disorders
ADHD 386
borderline 618-20
driving regulations 710
pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) 390
pervasive developmental disorders-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) 390
pethidine 512
PF-02545920: 57
P-glycoprotein 646
phenelzine 240
adverse effects 333
overdose 659
refractory depression 262
renal impairment 583
switching to/from 297-301
phenobarbital, HIV drug interactions 604
phenothiazines 15
blood lipids and 117
breastfeeding 567
diabetes risk 121
hepatic impairment 592
HIV drug interactions 602
overdose 661
pregnancy 543-4
sexual adverse effects 139
phenytoin
acute mania 213
HIV drug interactions 604
plasma level monitoring 3
phosphate, plasma 668
phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors 57
PHQ-9: 253
physostigmine 178
phytotherapy see herbal medicines
pimavanserin 531
pimozide 15
adverse effects 48
clozapine augmentation 150
equivalent dose 26
HIV drug interactions 601, 602, 603
maximum licensed dose 24
monitoring physical health 46
renal impairment 580
tic disorders 398
pindolol, refractory depression 262
pioglitazone 124
pipotiazine (depot) 15, 67, 67
adverse effects 48
elderly 483
equivalent dose 26
maximum licensed dose 25
pharmacokinetics 70
renal impairment 580
pirenzepine 175, 512
unlicensed use 674
placebo effect 676-8
plasma drug concentrations
meaningfulness 2
post-mortem, interpretation 13, 13-14
steady state 1
plasma level monitoring 1-14
criteria 1-2
interpreting results 2-7, 3
reasons for 2
sampling time 1-2
platelet counts 671
pneumonia 143, 168
polyethylene glycol 178
polysubstance abuse 464
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) see omega-3 fatty acids
post-mortem blood concentrations, interpreting 13, 13-14
post-mortem redistribution (PMR) 13
post-partum period bipolar illness 548-50
depression 545-8
epilepsy 551-2
psychosis 543-5
see also breastfeeding
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 334, 335, 337-8
alcohol dependence with 426
children and adolescents 372, 379-83, 381
postural hypotension
antidepressant-induced 280-1, 308-9
antipsychotic-induced 128
clozapine-induced 161
switching antipsychotics 144
see also hypotension
potassium, plasma 668
pramipexole
bipolar depression 218
Parkinson's disease 529
refractory depression 263
schizophrenia 42
prazosin
PTSD in young people 380, 381
urinary retention, dementia patients 509
—an intentional page break (original page number 734)—
pregabalin
akathisia 89
alcohol dependence 423
anxiety disorders 335
benzodiazepine withdrawal 348
elderly 485
multiple sclerosis 533
pregnancy 541-58, 553
ADHD 554
alcohol use/withdrawal 423-4
anticonvulsants 551-2, 552
antidepressants 546-8, 549, 553
antipsychotics 543-5, 545, 553
anxiety disorders and insomnia 552-3
benzodiazepine misuse 466
bipolar illness 548-50, 551
depression 545-8, 549
discussions with women 541-3
epilepsy 551-2, 552
mood stabilisers 549-50, 551, 553
opioid dependence 432, 449-50
prescribing principles 542
psychosis 543-5, 545
rapid tranquillisation 553-4
sedatives 552-3, 553
smoking cessation 458
unplanned, bipolar illness 200, 205
see also breastfeeding; women of child-bearing age
pregnenolone, schizophrenia 42
priapism 138, 139
pridopidine, Huntington's disease 538
prochlorperazine, alcohol withdrawal 420
procyclidine 68, 615
Product Licence (PL), prescribing drugs outside 673-5
prolactin, serum
antipsychotics not affecting 133, 133
elevated see hyperprolactinaemia
interpretation 134
monitoring 46, 133-4, 229
psychotropics affecting 668
promazine 48, 571
promethazine
borderline personality disorder 619
dementia patients 513
pregnancy 544, 553
rapid tranquillisation 406, 611-12, 613
renal impairment 585
street drug intoxication 472
propantheline 175
propentifylline 155
propranolol
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 88
lithium-induced tremor 191
PTSD in young people 380, 381, 382
tardive dyskinesia 98
protease inhibitors, antiretroviral 601-3
protein, serum 669
prothrombin time 671
proton pump inhibitors, dementia patients 515
pseudobulbar effect (PBA), multiple sclerosis 533-4
pseudo-parkinsonism see parkinsonism
psychiatric disorders see mental illness
psychiatric side-effects
anticonvulsants 632-4
antiretroviral drugs 604, 605
non-psychotropic drugs 650-5, 651-4
psychological therapies
anxiety spectrum disorders 336, 338
child and adolescent depression 355
drug misuse 447, 452
eating disorders 607, 609
learning disabilities 623
PTSD in young people 382
psychosis
anticonvulsant-associated 632-5
benzodiazepines 344
children and adolescents 367, 367-8
driving regulations 708
epilepsy 632
first episode 31, 49
HIV infection 598
Huntington's disease 539
multiple sclerosis 535
non-psychotropics causing 653-4
Parkinson's disease 530, 530-1
post-partum 543-5
pregnant women 543-5
sexual dysfunction 137-8
substance misuse with 453
super-sensitivity 34
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 643-4
see also schizophrenia
psychostimulant drugs see stimulant drugs
psychotropics
atrial fibrillation 656-8, 657
biochemical side-effects 665, 666-9
breastfeeding 559-60, 560
child and adolescent doses 408
cytochrome function and 646, 647-9
driving and 706-11, 707
ECT seizure threshold and 269-70, 269-71
haematological side-effects 665, 670-2
HIV drug interactions 601-4, 606
HIV infection 598-600
overdose 659-62, 659-64
plasma level monitoring 1-10
pregnant women 541-54, 542, 553
smoking and 688-9, 688-9
special patient groups 477-655
street drug interactions 472-5, 473-4
surgery and 637-42, 638-40
PTSD see post-traumatic stress disorder
publication bias 677
pulmonary embolism, clozapine-related 170
pulse monitoring
rapid tranquillisation 614, 615
starting clozapine 161
pyridostigmine 512
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 89, 98
QT interval 110
QT prolongation 110-16
antidepressant-induced 308-9, 312
antipsychotic-induced 110-16, 111
ECG monitoring 113, 114
management 114
metabolic inhibition 113
methadone and 438, 438-9
non-psychotropics inducing 113
other risk factors 112, 112
physiological risk factors 112, 112
quantifying risk 111-12
rapid tranquillisation 612, 613
renal impairment and 577
switching antipsychotics 144
quercetin, tardive dyskinesia 98
quetiapine
acute mania/hypomania 212
adverse effects 48
anorexia nervosa 607, 608
bipolar affective disorder 208, 223, 225, 226
blood lipids and 117
breastfeeding 568
children and adolescents 408
bipolar affective disorder 363, 364, 365
PTSD 380, 381
classification as atypical 15
clozapine-related
hypersalivation 175
costs 213
delirium 628
dementia 518, 519, 521
depression
bipolar 216, 217, 219, 363
psychotic 266
refractory 257
diabetes association 122
elderly 482
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 27
hepatic impairment 592
HIV infection 598, 601, 602, 603
Huntington's disease 538, 539
hypertension risk 128
—an intentional page break (original page number 735)—
quetiapine (cont'd)
learning disabilities 622
overdose 661
Parkinson's disease 530
plasma level monitoring 3, 6
pregnancy 545
renal impairment 580
schizophrenia
combination therapy 38
dose-response effects 28
high-dose 28
inadequate response 61
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 45, 46
negative symptoms 41
place in therapy 51
refractory 155
relative efficacy 17
switching to 63, 88
sexual adverse effects 139
tardive dyskinesia and 97
tic disorders 399
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
for water intoxication 131
weight gain risk 90
raltegravir 604
ranitidine 93
rapid neuroleptisation 60
rapid tranquillisation (RT) 611-13, 613-14
antipsychotics 611-13, 613-14, 616
benzodiazepines 344, 612, 613-14
children and adolescents 405-7, 406
physical monitoring 614
pregnancy 553-4
remedial measures 615
reboxetine 243
adverse effects 332
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
breastfeeding 563
cardiotoxicity 309
diabetes and 321
elderly 281
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 593
HIV infection 599
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 660
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 548
publication bias 677
renal impairment 583
sexual adverse effects 325
switching to/from 297-301
red cell distribution width 672
reflux oesophagitis 168
refusal of medication 701, 714, 715
relative infant dose (RID) 559
renal function testing 576
bipolar affective disorder 228
renal impairment 576-89
agents recommended 578
anti-dementia drugs 586
antidepressants 581-3
antipsychotics 579-80
anxiolytics and hypnotics 585-6
classification 577
lithium-related 191
methadone dosing 436
mood stabilisers 584
nicotine replacement therapy 458
prescribing principles 576-8
renal replacement therapies 577
Research Units on Paediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network 391
respiratory rate, rapid tranquillisation 615
restlessness
non-psychotropics causing 653
see also akathisia
restricted repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs) 390-1
reticulocyte count 672
Rett's syndrome 390
reverse transcriptase inhibitors 603-4
reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA) 241, 333
see also moclobemide
rhabdomyolysis 577-8
rilpivirine 603
riluzole
bipolar depression 218
childhood obsessive compulsive disorder 377
Huntington's disease 538
refractory depression 263
refractory schizophrenia 155
risperidone
acute mania/hypomania 212
adverse effects 48
bipolar affective disorder 208, 223, 225, 226
blood lipids and 117
breastfeeding 568
catatonia 106, 107
children and adolescents 394, 408
ADHD 385
autism spectrum disorders 391, 392, 393, 394
bipolar affective disorder 364, 365
obsessive compulsive disorder 376
pathological aggression 393
psychosis 367
PTSD 380, 381
classification 15
costs 213
delirium 628
dementia 518-19, 520
depression
bipolar 219
refractory 257
diabetes association 122
elderly 482
epilepsy 633
equivalent doses 27, 27
hepatic impairment 593
HIV infection 598
Huntington's disease 538, 539
hypertension risk 128
learning disabilities 622
long-acting injection (RLAI) 67, 68, 80-3
combination therapy 37
dose-response effects 28, 80
elderly 483
equivalent dose 27, 80
management of patients 72
maximum licensed dose 25
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 103
pharmacokinetics 70
plasma levels 7
switching away from 74, 78
switching to 81
vs other depot antipsychotics 80-2
vs paliperidone palmitate 80
multiple sclerosis 535
overdose 661
Parkinson's disease 530
plasma levels 3, 6-7, 62
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
renal impairment 580
schizophrenia
clozapine augmentation 150
dose-response effects 28, 61
high-dose 28, 61
inadequate response 61
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 46
place in therapy 51
prescribing 20
refractory 153, 154, 155
relative efficacy 17
switching to 63
sexual adverse effects 139
tardive dyskinesia and 97
tic disorders 398
for water intoxication 131
weight gain risk 90
Ritalin see methylphenidate
ritanserin
acute mania 213
refractory schizophrenia 155
ritonavir 601-3, 604
—an intentional page break (original page number 736)—
rivastigmine 488-9
adverse effects 493-4
Alzheimer's disease 487-9, 490
atrial fibrillation 657
delirium 629
dementia with Lewy bodies 502
drug interactions 495, 496
efficacy 490
Huntington's disease 539
mechanism of action 487
non-cognitive symptoms of dementia 521
renal impairment 586
tolerability 492-3
transdermal patch 490, 492-3
vascular dementia 501-2
Royal College of Psychiatrists, on unlicensed use of licensed drugs 673-4, 674
RT see rapid tranquillisation
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
refractory depression 263
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
saffron 326, 500
saquinavir 602
sarcosine 155
schizoaffective disorder, atrial fibrillation and 657
schizophrenia 15-187
acute exacerbation 50
adherence to medication 18, 50, 68, 700
strategies for improving 703-4
alcohol dependence with 427
atrial fibrillation and 657
benzodiazepines 344
caffeine consumption 692-3
carbamazepine 204
catatonic 105, 106-8, 107, 107
children and adolescents 367, 367-8
complementary therapies 695
diabetes association 121
driving regulations 709
first episode 31, 49
hyponatraemia 130
monitoring 20, 45-6, 59-60
mortality 37
multi-episode 32, 32-4
negative symptoms 41-4, 57
new and developing drugs 56-8
NICE guidance 16-17, 59-60
nicotine use 684-5
omega-3 fatty acids 54-5, 155
pregnancy and 543
refractory 147-87
relapse 32, 50
sexual dysfunction 137
smoking cessation 461
treatment algorithms 49-50, 49-51
valproate therapy 155, 198
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 643-4
see also antipsychotics
scopolamine see hyoscine
second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) 15
ADHD 385
adverse effects 17, 86
autism spectrum disorders 391, 392
bipolar affective disorder 208, 225
children and adolescents
bipolar affective disorder 362-3, 364
psychosis 367, 367
PTSD 380, 381
delirium 627-8
dementia 518-21
diabetes risk 121-3
dyslipidaemia and 117-18
elderly 481-2, 483
equivalent doses 26-7, 27
HIV infection 598
Huntington's disease 538
long-acting injections 68
maximum licensed doses 24
minimum effective doses 22
multiple sclerosis 534-5
negative symptoms 41
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 102-3
NICE guidance 59, 60
Parkinson's disease 530
pregnancy 544-5, 545
psychotic depression 266
rapid tranquillisation 611, 612
relative efficacy 17
renal impairment 578, 579-80
sexual adverse effects 138, 139
street drug interactions 473
switching trials 62-3
tic disorders 398
unlicensed use 675
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
sedation
alcohol-induced 681
antidepressant-induced 280-1, 332-3
antipsychotic-induced 48
clozapine-induced 165
driving ability and 711
high dose 612
non-psychotropics causing 654
switching antipsychotics 144
see also rapid tranquillisation
sedatives
borderline personality disorder 619
breastfeeding 560, 571
hepatic impairment 590, 591
pregnancy 552-3, 553
renal impairment 578, 585-6
use of antipsychotics as 20
seizures
alcohol withdrawal 412, 412, 418
driving regulations 710
clozapine-induced 166
see also epilepsy
selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
anxiety disorders 334-5, 337-8
diabetes and 321
drug interactions 305
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
multiple sclerosis 534
Parkinson's disease 529
switching to/from 299-301
see also duloxetine; venlafaxine
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 235-7
adverse effects 234, 235-7, 332
children and adolescents 357
elderly 279
alcohol dependence 425-6
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
anxiety disorders 334-5, 337-8
atrial fibrillation 657
bleeding risks 279, 328-31, 329
borderline personality disorder 619
caffeine interaction 692
cardiotoxicity 307, 312-13
children and adolescents
anxiety disorders 370, 371, 372
autism spectrum disorders 391
depression 355-6, 357-9, 359
obsessive compulsive disorder 374-5, 376
PTSD 380, 381
dementia 522-3
depression 234, 235-7
bipolar 217, 219
children and adolescents 355-6, 357-9, 359
elderly 279, 280
minimum effective doses 250
NICE guidance 232
post-stroke 276-7
psychotic 267
refractory 257, 260, 263
diabetes and 321
discontinuation symptoms 284, 335
drug interactions 234, 305
eating disorders 608, 609
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 279, 280
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 593
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 539
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
hyponatraemia 316, 317
learning disabilities 622
lithium interactions 195
multiple sclerosis 534
—an intentional page break (original page number 737)—
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (cont'd)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome and 103
overdose 660
Parkinson's disease 529
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
pregnancy 546, 547-8, 549
schizophrenia negative symptoms 42
sexual adverse effects 325
street drug interactions 473
surgical patients 637, 638
switching to/from 296, 297-301
velo-cardio-facial syndrome 644
selegiline
schizophrenia 42
sexual adverse effects 326
sexual dysfunction 139
switching to/from 297-301
transdermal 292, 293
self-injurious behaviour (SIB)
autism spectrum disorders 392
learning disabilities 622-3
lithium therapy 190
Semagacestat 501
semi-sodium valproate see valproate
senna 178
d-serine, schizophrenia 42, 154
serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonists, dementia patients 511
serotonin syndrome 297
HIV infection 599
renal impairment and 577-8
St John's wort 247
surgery-related risk 637, 639
sertindole
adverse effects 48
breastfeeding 568
equivalent dose 27
HIV drug interactions 601, 603
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 46
refractory schizophrenia 150, 155
sertraline
adverse effects 234, 332
alcohol dependence 425-6
anxiety disorders 334-5
breastfeeding 564
cardiotoxicity 309, 312
children and adolescents 408
anxiety disorders 370, 371
autism spectrum disorders 391
depression 356
obsessive compulsive disorder 374
PTSD 380, 381
dementia 522-3
depression 237
children and adolescents 356
minimum effective dose 250
post-stroke 276
psychotic 266
drug interactions 635
elderly 480
multiple sclerosis 534
pregnancy 547, 549
renal impairment 583
Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) 490
Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) 412
sexual arousal 137
disorders 138, 139, 324
sexual desire see libido
sexual dysfunction 137-42
antidepressants and 234, 324-7, 325, 332-3
antipsychotic-related 52, 138-40, 139
effects of psychosis 137-8
hyperprolactinaemia and 133, 138
schizophrenia 137
switching antipsychotics 144
treatment 138-40, 140, 326
sexual response, human 137
Short Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (SAWS) 413, 415
Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale 431, 435
Shprintzen syndrome 643-5
sialorrhoea see hypersalivation
sildenafil 140, 140, 326
simvastatin 513
sleep disturbances
autism spectrum disorders 393
benzodiazepines 343
non-psychotropics causing 654
see also insomnia
smoking, cigarette 684-9
alcohol dependence and 425
caffeine interaction 692
depression and anxiety 685
drug interactions 685-6, 688-9, 688-9
movement disorders 685
pregnant women with psychiatric illness 542
schizophrenia 684-5
see also nicotine; nicotine dependence
smoking cessation 456-62
bupropion 460
effects on other drugs 462
mental health disorders 457, 461-2
NICE guidance 456-7
nicotine replacement therapy 457-60
surgical patients 637
varenicline 460-1
Snoezelen 518
SNRIs see selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
social and communication impairment 391
social anxiety disorder, childhood 369
social phobia 335, 337-8
sodium, plasma 130, 316, 669
see also hyponatraemia
sodium oxybate
eating disorders 609
tardive dyskinesia 98
sodium valproate see valproate
SOHO trial 33
solanezumab 501
solifenacin 507, 510
Souvenaid 500-1
SSRIs see selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
STAR*D programme 244, 255, 255-6, 324
statins
antipsychotic-treated patients 118-19
dementia 500, 501, 513, 514
stavudine 603
STEP-BD study 226
steroid-induced psychosis 190
stimulant drugs
ADHD 384-5
depression 272-5, 273-4
hepatic impairment 595
misuse/dependence 463-5
refractory depression 263
St John's wort (SJW) 246-9
child and adolescent depression 357
drug interactions 247, 601-4
patient information 247-8
'street drugs'
acute intoxication 472
interactions with prescribed psychotropics 472-5, 473-4
see also drug misuse/dependence
stroke
antipsychotic-treated elderly with dementia 519-20
depression after 274, 276-8
SSRI-related risk 329, 329
stupor, psychiatric 105-8, 107
stuttering, clozapine-related 168
Suboxone 431, 444
substance misuse 409-75
ADHD and 386
coexisting psychosis 453
NICE guidance 451-3
pain management and 437-8
see also specific substances
Subutex see buprenorphine
sudden cardiac death
antipsychotic-associated 110, 114
clozapine-related 170
risk in depression 312
see also QT prolongation
—an intentional page break (original page number 738)—
suicide/suicidal ideation
antidepressants and 244
anxiety disorders 335
bipolar affective disorder 190, 216, 225
lithium and 190
multiple sclerosis 533
non-psychotropics causing 654
psychotropic overdose 659-62, 659-64
schizophrenia 32
SSRI-treated young people 357, 374-5
sulpiride 15
adverse effects 48
breastfeeding 568
classification 15
clozapine augmentation 150
clozapine-related hypersalivation 175
diabetes risk 122
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 26
hepatic impairment 593
Huntington's disease 538
hypertension risk 128
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 45
refractory schizophrenia 154
renal impairment 580
sexual adverse effects 139
tic disorders 398
weight gain risk 90
sumatriptan, intranasal 270
super-sensitivity psychosis 34
surgery
psychotropics and 637-42, 638-40
SSRI-related bleeding 328
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 130, 131, 316
tachycardia, clozapine-induced 165
tadalafil 326
tamoxifen
acute mania 213
antidepressant interactions 234, 303
tamsulosin 509
tantrums, autism spectrum disorders 392
tardive dyskinesia (TD) 84-5, 97-101
first vs second-generation antipsychotics 52, 97
switching antipsychotics 144
treatment 97-101, 98
TC 5619: 58
TCAs see tricyclic antidepressants
telmisartan 129
temazepam
diazepam equivalent dose 347
renal impairment 586
temperature, body
clozapine-induced increase 161, 166
rapid tranquillisation and 615
tenofovir 604
terazosin 174
testosterone
female sexual dysfunction 139
refractory depression 263
schizophrenia 42
tetrabenazine
Huntington's disease 538
tardive dyskinesia 85, 98
tic disorders 399
theophylline
dementia patients 511
drug interactions 205, 234
therapeutic drug monitoring see plasma level monitoring
thiamine
alcohol withdrawal 413, 419, 420
post-ECT confusion 270
thiazide diuretics, lithium interaction 194, 194
thioridazine 15, 139
thioxanthines 15
breastfeeding 568
sexual adverse effects 139
thrombocytopenia, clozapine-induced 168
thromboembolism, clozapine-induced 170
thyroid function tests 46, 191, 228
thyroid-stimulating hormone 669
thyroxine
bipolar affective disorder 218, 223
carbamazepine interaction 205
psychotropics affecting 669
tianeptine, refractory depression 262
tic disorders 397-401
obsessive compulsive disorder with 377
tipranavir 603
TMS see transcranial magnetic stimulation
tolterodine 507, 509, 510
tolvaptan 130
topiramate
alcohol dependence 423
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
autism spectrum disorders 392
bipolar affective disorder 213, 223
clozapine augmentation 150
dementia 523
depressant effects 634
eating disorders 609
refractory schizophrenia 155
tic disorders 399
TORDIA (Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescence) studies 355, 358, 359
torsade de pointes 110-11, 438
torticollis 84
Tourette's syndrome 397-401
tramadol 399, 512
tranquillisation, rapid see rapid tranquillisation
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
schizophrenia 42, 155
tardive dyskinesia 98
transferrin, carbohydrate-deficient 667
tranylcypromine 240
adverse effects 333
discontinuation symptoms 284, 285
overdose 659
refractory depression 256
switching to/from 297-301
trazodone 243
adverse effects 332
antipsychotic-induced akathisia 85, 89
breastfeeding 564
cardiotoxicity 309, 312
delirium 629
dementia 522-3
diabetes and 321
elderly 481
HIV infection 599, 602
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 660
pregnancy 548
rectal 292, 294
renal impairment 583
sexual adverse effects 325, 326
switching to/from 297-301
Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) 355, 357
Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescence (TORDIA) studies 355, 358, 359
TREC studies 611, 612
tremor
antipsychotic-induced 84
lithium-induced 191
valproate-induced 199
triazolam 344
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 238-9
ADHD 385
adverse effects 234, 238-9, 332
alcohol dependence 425, 682
atrial fibrillation 657
breastfeeding 564
cardiotoxicity 309, 312-13
children and adolescents 356-7
dementia 523
depression 234, 238-9
minimum effective dose 250
post-stroke 276
psychotic 266
refractory 262, 263
diabetes and 321
—an intentional page break (original page number 739)—
tricyclic antidepressants (cont'd)
discontinuation symptoms 284
drug interactions 303-5
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 280
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 594
HIV infection 599, 602
Huntington's disease 539
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
multiple sclerosis 534
overdose 660
Parkinson's disease 529
plasma level monitoring 3
post-mortem blood concentrations 13
pregnancy 546-7
sexual adverse effects 325
smoking status and 689
surgical patients 637, 639
switching to/from 297-301
trifluoperazine
adverse effects 48
epilepsy 633
equivalent dose 26
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
pregnancy 545
renal impairment 580
weight gain risk 90
triglycerides, plasma 117, 118, 669
trihexyphenidyl 174
tri-iodothyronine (T3)
psychotropics affecting 669
refractory depression 256, 257
trimipramine 239
adverse effects 332
refractory depression 262
renal impairment 583
trospium 507-9, 510
tryptophan
depletion, acute mania 213
refractory depression 262
typical antipsychotics 15
see also first-generation antipsychotics
UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 646
unlicensed medicines 673-5, 675
paediatric practice 353
see also off-label prescribing
urate/uric acid, plasma 669
urea, plasma 669
urea and electrolytes (U&Es) 45, 228
urinary incontinence, anticholinergic drugs for 507-9, 510, 515
urinary retention, alpha blockers for 509, 515
vaccines, anti-addiction 463-4
valproate 201
acute mania/hypomania 197-8, 211, 213
adverse effects 199
alcohol dependence 426
autism spectrum disorders 393
bipolar affective disorder 197-202, 225, 226
bipolar depression 198, 217, 219
breastfeeding 560, 570
children and adolescents 362, 364, 408
costs 213
delirium 629
dementia 523
discontinuation 200
drug interactions 200
elderly 484
formulations 197
hepatic impairment 199, 594
HIV infection 599
Huntington's disease 538
indications 197-8
learning disabilities 622
mechanism of action 197
on-treatment monitoring 199
overdose 661
plasma levels 3, 198-9
pregnancy 550, 551, 551-2, 552
pre-treatment tests 199
renal impairment 584
schizophrenia 155, 198
street drug interactions 474
surgical patients 638
unlicensed use 675
women of childbearing age 200, 542
valproic acid see valproate
valsartan 129
vaptans 130
varenicline, smoking cessation 456, 460-1, 461-2
vascular dementia 501-2
vasculitis, clozapine-induced 168
velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) 643-5
venlafaxine 243
adverse effects 234, 332
anxiety disorders 334
atrial fibrillation 657
bipolar depression 217
bleeding risk 328
breastfeeding 565
cardiotoxicity 309, 312-13
children and adolescents 358, 371, 371
discontinuation symptoms 284, 284, 285
ECT seizure threshold and 269
elderly 279, 281, 481
epilepsy 633
hepatic impairment 594
Huntington's disease 539
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 660
Parkinson's disease 529
post-stroke depression 276
pregnancy 548
psychotic depression 266
refractory depression 256, 257, 260, 263
renal impairment 583
sexual adverse effects 325
switching to/from 299-301
vigabatrin, cocaine dependence 463
violent behaviour 611-17
recommended interventions 613-14
see also acutely disturbed behaviour; aggressive behaviour
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 89, 98
vitamin B12 41, 498
vitamin B complex, alcohol withdrawal 419
vitamin D 695
vitamin E 98, 498
vitamin supplements
alcohol withdrawal 413, 419
Alzheimer's disease 498
anorexia nervosa 607
vortioxetine 237
adverse effects 332
breastfeeding 565
cardiotoxicity 309, 312
discontinuation 283, 285
elderly 279, 481
epilepsy 633
hyperprolactinaemia and 319
hyponatraemia 316
minimum effective dose 250
overdose 660
renal impairment 583
switching to/from 299-301
warfarin
atrial fibrillation 656
SSRIs and 276-7, 329
water intoxication 130, 131
weight, monitoring
bipolar affective disorder 229
renal impairment 577
schizophrenia 45, 92
weight gain
antidepressant-induced 280-1, 321
antipsychotic-induced 48, 90-6
children and adolescents 393
dyslipidaemia risk 117
hypertension risk 128
relative risk 90, 90
switching agents 92, 144
treatment 92-6, 93
clozapine-induced 165
valproate-induced 199
—an intentional page break (original page number 740)—
Wernicke's encephalopathy 412, 412, 418-20
white cell count (WCC), effects of lithium and clozapine 181-2
women of child-bearing age
bipolar affective disorder 192, 200, 205
prescribing principles 542
see also pregnancy
yohimbine 139, 140
young people see children and adolescents
zaleplon 571, 586
zidovudine 603
zinc 262, 608
ziprasidone
acute mania 213
adverse effects 48
bipolar affective disorder 208, 364
bipolar depression 219
blood lipids and 117, 118
breastfeeding 568
catatonia 106, 107
children and adolescents 364, 406
clozapine augmentation 150
delirium 628
diabetes and 122-3, 124
dose-response effects 28, 61
equivalent dose 27
HIV infection 598
hypertension risk 128
maximum licensed dose 24
minimum effective dose 22
monitoring physical health 46
negative symptoms 41
neuroleptic malignant syndrome 102-3
overdose 661
Parkinson's disease 530
prolactin plasma levels and 133
QTc prolongation 112
rapid tranquillisation 406, 611
refractory depression 262
refractory schizophrenia 155
relative efficacy 17
renal impairment 580
switching to 63, 92
tic disorders 398
weight gain risk 90
zolmitriptan, akathisia 89
zolpidem
breastfeeding 571
disinhibitory reactions 350
driving ability and 707
elderly 485
overdose 662
renal impairment 586
tardive dyskinesia 98
zonisamide
antipsychotic-induced weight gain 93
bipolar depression 218
eating disorders 609
zopiclone
breastfeeding 571
driving ability and 707
elderly 485
hepatic impairment 591
overdose 662
renal impairment 586
zotepine, epilepsy 634
zuclopenthixol
acetate (Clopixol Acuphase), guidelines 616
adverse effects 48
breastfeeding 568
depot 67, 67, 68
elderly 483
equivalent dose 26
maximum licensed dose 25
pharmacokinetics 70
equivalent dose 26
hepatic impairment 592
learning disabilities 622
maximum licensed dose 24
renal impairment 580
smoking status and 689
Zyban see bupropion
—an intentional page break (original page number 741)—