1.126 'these' and 'those'

'These' and 'those' can be used as pronouns instead of a plural count noun. They are most often used to refer to things, although they can be used to refer to people.

• 'I brought you these.' Adam held out a bag of grapes.
• Vitamin tablets usually contain vitamins A, C, and D. These are available from any child health clinic.
• These are no ordinary students.
• It may be impossible for them to pay essential bills, such as those for heating.
• Those are easy questions to answer.
• There are a great number of people who are seeking employment, and a great number of those are married women.

'This', 'that', 'these', and 'those' can also be specific determiners. For more information, see paragraphs 1.182 to 1.191.