21.

  1. Physicians heal the body.
  2. Psychiatrists treat the mind.
  3. Priests cure the soul.
  4. Researchers treat all diseases.

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22.

  1. There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.
  2. Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.
  3. The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.
  4. There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.

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23.

  1. A doctor's fame strengthens the patient's faith in them.
  2. Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.
  3. One third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.
  4. A patient's expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.

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24.

  1. Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective.
  2. The workings of the mind may help patients recover.
  3. Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.
  4. Most illnesses can be cured without medication.

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25.

  1. Due to brain-released drug-like chemicals induced by the patient's faith in doctors.
  2. The patients took some harmless substances.
  3. The harmless substances are more effective than the medicine.
  4. The researchers knew how to holistically treat patients.

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Western doctors are beginning to understand what traditional healers have always known that the body and the mind are inseparable. Until recently, modern urban physicians heal the body, psychiatrists the mind, and priests the soul. However, the medical world is now paying more attention to holistic medicine which is an approach based on the belief that people's state of mind can make them sick or speed up their recovery from sickness. Several studies show that the effectiveness of a certain drug often depends on the patient's expectations of it. For example, in one recent study, psychiatrists at a major hospital tried to see how patients could be made calm. They divided them into two groups. One group was given a drug while the other group received a harmless substance instead of medicine without their knowledge. Surprisingly, more patients in the second group showed the desired effect than those in the first group. In study after study, there's a positive reaction in almost one-third of the patients taking harmless substances. How was this possible? How can such a substance have an effect on the body? Evidence from a 1997 study at the University of California shows that several patients who received such substances were able to produce their own natural drug, that is, as they took the substance their brains released natural chemicals that act like a drug. Scientists theorized that the amount of chemicals released by a person's brain quite possibly indicates how much faith the person has in his or her doctor.