21.

  1. He is a man who has a gene of longevity.
  2. He is a professor at Boston University.
  3. He is the owner of the website time.com.
  4. He is the creator of a website on longevity.

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22.

  1. Women don't like red meat as much as men.
  2. The high estrogen level in women makes the differences.
  3. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.
  4. The incidence of cardiovascular disease is much lower in women.

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23.

  1. In their 50s and 60s.
  2. In their 60s and 70s.
  3. In their 70s and 80s.
  4. In their 80s and 90s.

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24.

  1. Calcium.
  2. Iodine.
  3. Zinc.
  4. Iron.

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25.

  1. The reason why red meat is harmful to health.
  2. The reason why vegetarian food is so popular.
  3. Another possibility for women's longevity.
  4. The important role iron plays in cellular reactions.

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Across the industrialized world, women still live 5 to 10 years longer than men. Among people over 100 years old, 85% are women, according to Tom Peris, founder of the New England Centenarian Study at Boston University and creator of the website LivingTo.com. Time.com asks him why.

Why do women live longer than men?

One important reason is the big delay— and advantage—women have over men in terms of cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke. Women develop these problems usually in their 70s and 80s, about 10 years later than men. For a long time, doctors thought the difference was due to estrogen. But studies have shown that this may not be the case, and now we know that giving estrogen to women post-menopause can actually be bad for them.

One reason for that delay in onset of cardiovascular disease could be that women are relatively iron-deficient compared to men—especially younger women, those in their late teens and early 20s—because of menstruation. Iron plays a very important part in the reactions in our cells that produce damaging free radicals, which glue onto cell membranes and DNA, and may translate into aging the cell. In fact, in our diets, red meat is the main source of iron, and lack of iron is probably one major reason that being vegetarian is healthy for you. There was a very good study looking at the intake of red meat and heart disease in Leiden in the Netherlands: in regions where people didn't eat red meat, those populations had half the rate of heart attack and stroke compared to the populations that did eat red meat.