Fear is often a 51 emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and 52 quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline are poured into your bloodstream. 53 a fire or an accident, fear can 54 life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger 55 that it becomes a problem.
Some people are simply more vulnerable 56 fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunates respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more 57 learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more 58 .
Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly 59 and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a 60 obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problems.