2FDG 18F-labeled fluorodeoxy-D-glucose

2-D two-dimensional

3-D three-dimensional

A1 primary auditory cortex

A2 secondary auditory cortex

ABR auditory brainstem response

ACC anterior cingulate cortex

ACh acetylcholine

AChE acetylcholinesterase

ACS aversive conditioned stimulus

ADHD attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

AEP auditory evoked potential

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AP5 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate

APD antisocial personality disorder

ASD autism spectrum disorders

ATP adenosine triphosphate

BA Brodmann’s area

BC brain control

BBB blood–brain barrier

BMI brain–machine interface

BOLD blood oxygen level–dependent

BrdU bromodeoxyuridine

cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CAPS Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale

cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate

ChR-2 channelrhodopsin-2

CIMT constraint-induced movement therapy

CNS central nervous system

COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

CR conditioned response

CS conditioned stimulus

CT or CAT computer tomography or computerized axial tomography

dACC dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

DA dopaminergic

DBH dopamine beta-hydroxylase

DBS deep-brain stimulator; deep-brain stimulation

dLF dorsolateral frontal

dLO dorsolateral occipital cortex

DLPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

DTI diffusion tensor imaging

ECoG electrocorticogram

ECT electroconvulsive therapy

EEG electroencephalogram

EMG electromyogram

EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential

ERF event-related field

ERN error-related negativity

ERP event-related potential

ESS experience sharing system

FA fractional anisotropy

FEF frontal eye field

FFA fusiform face area

fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging

FP frontal pole

FTLD frontotemporal lobar degeneration

GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid

GAD generative assembling device

GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein

GFP green fluorescent protein

GPe external segment of the globus pallidus

GPi internal segment of the globus pallidus

GTP guanosine triphosphate

HERA hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry

HPA hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

HRP horseradish peroxidase

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

IAT Implicit Association Test

IC inferior colliculus

IFC inferior frontal cortex

IFJ inferior frontal junction

ILN intralaminar nuclei

IOR inhibition of return

IPL inferior parietal lobule

IPS intraparietal sulcus

IPSP inhibitory postsynaptic potential

ISI interstimulus interval

LAN left anterior negativity

LC locus coeruleus

LGN lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

LIFG left inferior frontal gyrus

LIP lateral intraparietal

LOC lateral occipital cortex

LPFC lateral prefrontal cortex

LRP lateralized readiness potential

LTD long-term depression

LTP long-term potentiation

LVF left visual field

M1 primary motor cortex

MAO monoamine oxidase

MAOA monoamine oxidase A

MEG magnetoencephalography; magnetoencephalogram

MEP motor evoked potential

MFC medial frontal cortex

MGN medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

MIP medial intraparietal

MMF mismatch field

MMN mismatch negativity

MOG middle occipital gyrus

MPFC medial prefrontal cortex

MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MRC Medical Research Council

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

MS multiple sclerosis

MSAS mental state attribution system

MSR mirror self-recognition

MTL medial temporal lobe

NAcc nucleus accumbens

NIMH National Institute of Mental Health

NMDA N -methyl-D-aspartate

NPE negative prediction error

NSC non-self-control group

OCB olivocochlear bundle

OFC orbitofrontal cortex

PAG periacqueductal gray matter

PCC posterior cingulate cortex

PE prediction error

PET positron emission tomography

PFC prefrontal cortex

Pi inorganic phosphate

PiB Pittsburgh Compound B

PD preferred direction

PICA posterior inferior cerebellar artery

PMC premotor cortex

PMLS posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area

PNS peripheral nervous system

PPA parahippocampal place area

PPC posterior parietal cortex

PPE positive prediction error

preSMA presupplementary motor area

PSP progressive supranuclear palsy

PTA phosphotungstic acid

PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder

RAS reticular activating system

rCBF regional cerebral blood flow

RDK random dot kinematogram

REM rapid eye movement

RF receptive field

RS repetition suppression

RSVP rapid serial visual presentation

RT response time; reaction time

rTPJ temporoparietal junction in the right hemisphere

RVF right visual field

S1 primary somatosensory cortex

S2 secondary somatosensory cortex

SAS supervisory attentional system

SCR skin conductance response

SD standard deviation

SE standard error

SEM standard error of the mean

SMA supplementary motor area

SNc pars compacta of the substantia nigra

SNr pars reticularis of the substantia nigra

SOA stimulus onset asynchrony

SPECT single-photon-emission computed tomography

SPS syntactic positive shift

SQUID superconducting quantum interference device

SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

STG superior temporal gyrus

STN subthalamic nucleus

STS superior temporal sulcus

TBSS tract-based spatial statistics

tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation

TfR transferrin receptor

TGA transient global amnesia

THC tetrahydrocannabinol

TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation

TOT tip of the tongue state

TPJ temporoparietal junction

UR unconditioned response

US unconditioned stimulus

V1 visual area 1 of the visual cortex

V2 visual area 2 of the visual cortex

V5 visual area 5 of the visual cortex

vACC ventral anterior cingulate cortex

VLPFC ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

VMF ventromedial frontal lobe

VMPFC ventromedial prefrontal cortex

VOR vestibulo-ocular reflex

VPM ventral posterior medial nucleus

VTA ventral tegmental area

VWFA visual word form area

WCST Wisconsin Card Sorting Task